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Kuwongolera kayendedwe ka maginito chitsulo okusayidi nanoparticles kwa akulimbana yobereka cytostatics
Wolemba Toropova Y, Korolev D, Istomina M, Shulmeyster G, Petukhov A, Mishanin V, Gorshkov A, Podyacheva E, Gareev K, Bagrov A, Demidov O
Yana Toropova,1 Dmitry Korolev,1 Maria Istomina,1,2 Galina Shulmeyster,1 Alexey Petukhov,1,3 Vladimir Mishanin,1 Andrey Gorshkov,4 Ekaterina Podyacheva,1 Kamil Gareev,2 Alexei Bagrov,5 Oleg Demidov 6,71Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russian Federation;2 St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation;3 Center for Personalized Medicine, Almazov State Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia Federation;4FSBI "Influenza Research Institute yotchedwa AA Smorodintsev" Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation;5 Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation;6 RAS Institute of Cytology, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation;7INSERM U1231, Faculty of Medicine ndi Pharmacy, Bourgogne-Franche Comté University of Dijon, France Kulankhulana: Yana ToropovaAlmazov National Medical Research Center, Utumiki wa Zaumoyo wa Chitaganya cha Russia, Saint-Petersburg, 197341, Russian Federation Tel +7 981 952694800 952694800 952694800 [imelo yotetezedwa] Mbiri: Njira yodalirika ya vuto la cytostatic toxicity ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maginito nanoparticles (MNP) popereka mankhwala omwe akutsata.Cholinga: Kugwiritsa ntchito mawerengedwe kudziwa makhalidwe abwino a maginito kuti amalamulira MNPs mu vivo, ndi kuwunika mphamvu ya magnetron yobereka MNPs mbewa zotupa mu m`galasi ndi mu vivo.(MNPs-ICG) imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Maphunziro amphamvu a mu vivo luminescence adachitidwa mu mbewa zotupa, popanda mphamvu ya maginito pamalo osangalatsa.Maphunzirowa adachitika pa scaffold ya hydrodynamic yopangidwa ndi Institute of Experimental Medicine ya Almazov State Medical Research Center ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia.Zotsatira: Kugwiritsa ntchito maginito a neodymium kumalimbikitsa kudzikundikira kosankha kwa MNP.Mphindi imodzi pambuyo popereka MNPs-ICG kwa mbewa zokhala ndi chotupa, MNPs-ICG makamaka imadziunjikira m'chiwindi.Kupanda ndi kukhalapo kwa maginito, izi zikuwonetsa njira yake ya metabolic.Ngakhale kuwonjezeka kwa fluorescence mu chotupa kunkawoneka pamaso pa mphamvu ya maginito, mphamvu ya fluorescence m'chiwindi cha nyama sinasinthe pakapita nthawi.Kutsiliza: Mtundu uwu wa MNP, pamodzi ndi masamu maginito mphamvu, akhoza kukhala maziko a chitukuko cha magnetically ankalamulira yobereka mankhwala cytostatic kuti chotupa zimakhala.Keywords: fluorescence kusanthula, indocyanine, iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetron kutumiza cytostatics, chotupa kulunjika.
Matenda a chotupa ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa imfa padziko lonse lapansi.Pa nthawi yomweyi, mphamvu zowonjezera kuwonjezereka kwa matenda ndi imfa za matenda a chotupa zidakalipo.1 Mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano akadali amodzi mwamankhwala akuluakulu a zotupa zosiyanasiyana.Pa nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko cha njira kuchepetsa zokhudza zonse kawopsedwe cytostatics akadali zofunika.Njira yodalirika yothetsera vuto lake la kawopsedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonyamulira za nano-scale kuti zigwirizane ndi njira zoperekera mankhwala, zomwe zingapereke kudzikundikira kwamankhwala m'matumbo a chotupa popanda kuwonjezera kuchulukana kwawo m'ziwalo zathanzi ndi minofu.kuganizira.2 Njira iyi imapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwongolera bwino komanso kuwongolera kwamankhwala a chemotherapeutic pamatumbo a chotupa, ndikuchepetsa kawopsedwe kawo.
Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nanoparticles yomwe imaganiziridwa kuti iperekedwe kwa cytostatic agents, maginito nanoparticles (MNPs) ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mankhwala awo apadera, zachilengedwe, ndi maginito, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.Choncho, maginito nanoparticles angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yotenthetsera yochizira zotupa ndi hyperthermia (magnetic hyperthermia).Atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowunikira (magnetic resonance diagnosis).3-5 Kugwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe amenewa, pamodzi ndi kuthekera kwa MNP kudzikundikira m'dera linalake, pogwiritsa ntchito kunja maginito munda, yobereka chandamale kukonzekera mankhwala amatsegula chilengedwe cha multifunctional magnetron dongosolo chandamale cytostatics kwa chotupa malo. Zoyembekeza.Dongosolo lotere lingaphatikizepo MNP ndi maginito kuti aziwongolera kuyenda kwawo mthupi.Pamenepa, maginito onse akunja ndi maginito omwe amaikidwa m'dera la thupi lomwe lili ndi chotupacho angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la maginito.6 Njira yoyamba ili ndi zofooka zazikulu, kuphatikizapo kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera pofuna kuloza mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kufunika kophunzitsa ogwira ntchito opaleshoni.Kuonjezera apo, njirayi imakhala yochepa chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali ndipo ndi yoyenera kwa zotupa "zapamwamba" pafupi ndi thupi.Njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito ma implants a maginito imakulitsa kukula kwa ukadaulo uwu, ndikupangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa zotupa zomwe zili mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi.Onse maginito ndi maginito ophatikizidwa mu intraluminal stent atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma implants a kuwonongeka kwa chotupa m'ziwalo zopanda kanthu kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwake.Komabe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wathu wosasindikizidwa, izi sizokwanira maginito kuti zitsimikizire kusungidwa kwa MNP kuchokera m'magazi.
Kuchita bwino kwa maginito operekera mankhwala kumatengera zinthu zambiri: mawonekedwe a chonyamulira maginito okha, ndi mawonekedwe a gwero la maginito (kuphatikiza magawo a geometric a maginito osatha ndi mphamvu ya maginito omwe amapanga).Kupanga ukadaulo wotsogola wotsogola wa cell inhibitor kuyenera kuphatikizira kupanga maginito onyamula mankhwala oyenera a nanoscale, kuwunika chitetezo chawo, ndikupanga njira yowonera yomwe imalola kutsata mayendedwe awo mthupi.
Mu phunziro ili, ife masamu kuwerengetsera mulingo woyenera kwambiri maginito makhalidwe kulamulira maginito nano-mulingo mankhwala chonyamulira mu thupi.Kuthekera kosunga MNP kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe owerengera awa kudaphunziridwanso m'mitsempha yamagazi ya makoswe.Kuphatikiza apo, tidapanga ma conjugates a MNPs ndi ma fluorescent agents ndikupanga protocol yowonera mu vivo.Pansi mu vivo mikhalidwe, mu chotupa chitsanzo mbewa, kudzikundikira dzuwa la MNPs mu chotupa zimakhala pamene kutumikiridwa mwadongosolo mchikakamizo cha maginito munda anaphunzira.
Mu kafukufuku wa in vitro, tidagwiritsa ntchito zofotokozera za MNP, ndipo mu kafukufuku wa in vivo, tidagwiritsa ntchito MNP yokutidwa ndi lactic acid polyester (polylactic acid, PLA) yokhala ndi fluorescent agent (indolecyanine; ICG).MNP-ICG ikuphatikizidwa mu Nkhaniyi, gwiritsani ntchito (MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG).
Kaphatikizidwe ndi thupi ndi mankhwala a MNP zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane kwina.7, 8
Pofuna kupanga ma MNPs-ICG, ma conjugates a PLA-ICG adapangidwa koyamba.A ufa racemic chisakanizo cha PLA-D ndi PLA-L ndi molecular kulemera 60 kDa anagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Popeza PLA ndi ICG onse ndi zidulo, kuti synthesize PLA-ICG conjugates, choyamba ayenera synthesize amino-thetsedwa spacer pa PLA, amene amathandiza ICG chemisorb kwa spacer.Chombocho chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ethylene diamine (EDA), njira ya carbodiimide ndi carbodiimide yosungunuka ndi madzi, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC).The PLA-EDA spacer imapangidwa motere.Onjezani 20 molar mowonjezera EDA ndi 20 molar mowonjezera EDAC mpaka 2 mL wa 0.1 g/mL PLA chloroform solution.Kuphatikizikako kunachitika mu chubu choyesera cha 15mL polypropylene pa shaker pa liwiro la 300 min-1 kwa maola awiri.Chiwembu kaphatikizidwe chikusonyezedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Bwerezani kaphatikizidwe ndi 200-kuchuluka kwa reagents kukhathamiritsa kaphatikizidwe chiwembu.
Kumapeto kwa kaphatikizidwe, yankho anali centrifuged pa liwiro la 3000 min-1 kwa mphindi 5 kuchotsa owonjezera precipitated polyethylene zotumphukira.Kenaka, 2 mL ya 0.5 mg/mL ICG solution mu dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) inawonjezeredwa ku 2 mL yankho.Agitator imayikidwa pa liwiro la 300 min-1 kwa maola awiri.Chithunzi chojambula cha conjugate chopezeka chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
Mu 200 mg MNP, tinawonjezera 4 mL PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate.Gwiritsani ntchito LS-220 shaker (LOIP, Russia) kusonkhezera kuyimitsidwa kwa mphindi 30 pafupipafupi 300 min-1.Kenako, idatsukidwa ndi isopropanol katatu ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi maginito.Gwiritsani ntchito UZD-2 Akupanga Disperser (FSUE NII TVCH, Russia) kuti muwonjezere IPA kuyimitsidwa kwa mphindi 5-10 mopitilira akupanga kanthu.Pambuyo pakusamba kwachitatu kwa IPA, madziwo adatsukidwa ndi madzi osungunuka ndipo amatsitsimutsidwanso mu saline ya thupi pamagulu a 2 mg/mL.
Zipangizo za ZetaSizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, UK) zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira kukula kwa MNP yomwe inapezedwa mu njira yamadzimadzi.Makina owonera ma electron microscope (TEM) okhala ndi JEM-1400 STEM field emission cathode (JEOL, Japan) adagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa MNP.
Mu phunziro ili, timagwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika (N35 kalasi; ndi zokutira zoteteza fayilo) ndi makulidwe otsatirawa (kutalika kwa olamulira atali × m'mimba mwake): 0.5 × 2 mm, 2 × 2 mm, 3 × 2 mamilimita ndi 5 × 2 mm.
Phunziro la in vitro la mayendedwe a MNP mu dongosolo lachitsanzo lidachitika pa scaffold ya hydrodynamic yopangidwa ndi Institute of Experimental Medicine ya Almazov State Medical Research Center ya Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Russia.Kuchuluka kwa madzi ozungulira (madzi osungunuka kapena njira ya Krebs-Henseleit) ndi 225 ml.Axially magnetized cylindrical maginito amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maginito okhazikika.Ikani maginito pa chotengera 1.5 mm kutali ndi khoma lamkati la chubu lagalasi lapakati, ndipo mapeto ake ayang'ana kutsogolo kwa chubu (molunjika).Kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi muzitsulo zotsekedwa ndi 60 L / h (zogwirizana ndi liwiro la 0.225 m / s).Njira ya Krebs-Henseleit imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi ozungulira chifukwa ndi ofanana ndi plasma.Mphamvu ya viscosity coefficient ya plasma ndi 1.1-1.3 mPa∙s.9 Kuchuluka kwa MNP kudsorbed mu mphamvu yamaginito kumatsimikiziridwa ndi spectrophotometry kuchokera kumagulu achitsulo mumadzi ozungulira pambuyo poyesera.
Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro oyesera achitika patebulo lamakina owongolera amadzimadzi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.Zigawo zazikulu za chithandizo cha hydrodynamic zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3. Zigawo zazikulu za hydrodynamic stent ndizotsekedwa zotsekedwa zomwe zimatsanzira gawo lachitsanzo cha vascular system ndi tank yosungirako.Kusuntha kwamadzimadzi amtunduwu mozungulira gawo la chotengera chamagazi kumaperekedwa ndi pampu ya peristaltic.Pakuyesa, sungani kutentha ndi kutentha komwe kumafunikira, ndikuwunika magawo a dongosolo (kutentha, kuthamanga, kuthamanga kwamadzi, ndi pH mtengo).
Chithunzi 3 Chojambula cha block cha khwekhwe lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kufalikira kwa khoma la mtsempha wa carotid.Tanki yosungiramo 1, pampu ya 2-peristaltic, 3-njira yokhazikitsira kuyimitsidwa komwe kumakhala ndi MNP mu loop, mita ya 4-flow, 5-pressure sensor mu loop, 6-heat exchanger, chipinda cha 7 chokhala ndi chidebe, 8-gwero mphamvu ya maginito, 9-baluni yokhala ndi ma hydrocarbon.
Chipinda chomwe chili ndi chidebecho chimakhala ndi zotengera zitatu: chidebe chachikulu chakunja ndi ziwiya ziwiri zazing'ono, zomwe zida zapakati zimadutsamo.Cannula imayikidwa mu chidebe chaching'ono, chidebecho chimamangidwa pa chidebe chaching'ono, ndipo nsonga ya cannula imamangidwa mwamphamvu ndi waya woonda.Malo pakati pa chidebe chachikulu ndi chidebe chaching'ono chimadzazidwa ndi madzi osungunuka, ndipo kutentha kumakhalabe kosalekeza chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha.Malo omwe ali m'chidebe chaching'ono amadzazidwa ndi yankho la Krebs-Henseleit kuti asunge mphamvu ya maselo amitsempha yamagazi.Tanki imadzazidwanso ndi yankho la Krebs-Henseleit.Njira yoperekera mpweya (carbon) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula yankho mumtsuko waung'ono mu thanki yosungiramo ndi chipinda chomwe chili ndi chidebecho (Chithunzi 4).
Chithunzi 4 Chipinda chomwe chidebecho chimayikidwa.1-Cannula yotsitsa mitsempha yamagazi, 2-Outer chamber, 3-Chipinda chaching'ono.Muviwu umasonyeza kumene madzi amadzi akulowera.
Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa khoma la chotengera, mitsempha ya carotid idagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuyambitsidwa kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa MNP (0.5mL) mu dongosololi kuli ndi izi: kuchuluka kwamkati kwa tanki ndi chitoliro cholumikizira mu loop ndi 20mL, ndipo voliyumu yamkati ya chipinda chilichonse ndi 120mL.Kunja maginito gwero ndi maginito okhazikika ndi muyezo kukula kwa 2 × 3 mm.Amayikidwa pamwamba pa chimodzi mwa zipinda zazing'ono, 1 cm kutali ndi chidebe, ndipo mbali imodzi ikuyang'ana khoma la chidebe.Kutentha kumasungidwa pa 37 ° C.Mphamvu ya mpope wodzigudubuza imayikidwa ku 50%, yomwe imagwirizana ndi liwiro la 17 cm / s.Monga ulamuliro, zitsanzo anatengedwa mu selo popanda maginito okhazikika.
Ola limodzi pambuyo poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa MNP, chitsanzo chamadzimadzi chinatengedwa kuchokera m'chipindamo.Kuphatikizika kwa tinthuko kudayezedwa ndi spectrophotometer pogwiritsa ntchito Unico 2802S UV-Vis spectrophotometer (United Products & Instruments, USA).Poganizira kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa MNP, kuyeza kwake kunachitika pa 450 nm.
Malinga ndi malangizo a Rus-LASA-FELASA, nyama zonse zimaleredwa ndikuleredwa m'malo opanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kafukufukuyu akugwirizana ndi malamulo onse okhudzana ndi zoyeserera ndi kafukufuku wa nyama, ndipo walandira chivomerezo chochokera ku Almazov National Medical Research Center (IACUC).Nyamazo zinkamwa madzi ad libitum komanso kudya pafupipafupi.
Kafukufukuyu adachitika pa mbewa za 10 za 12-sabata zakubadwa zachimuna za immunodeficient NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/Szj, Jackson Laboratory, USA) 10, zolemera 22 g ± 10%.Popeza chitetezo cha mbewa za immunodeficiency chimaponderezedwa, mbewa za immunodeficiency za mzerewu zimalola kuikidwa kwa maselo aumunthu ndi minyewa popanda kukana kukanidwa.Ma littermates ochokera m'makhola osiyanasiyana adaperekedwa mwachisawawa ku gulu loyesera, ndipo adalumikizidwa kapena mwadongosolo pogona pamagulu ena kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ma microbiota wamba.
Mzere wa maselo a khansa ya HeLa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa chitsanzo cha xenograft.Maselo adapangidwa mu DMEM yokhala ndi glutamine (PanEco, Russia), yowonjezeredwa ndi 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, USA), 100 CFU/mL penicillin, ndi 100 μg/mL streptomycin.Chingwe cha selocho chinaperekedwa mokoma mtima ndi Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory ya Institute of Cell Research ya Russian Academy of Sciences.Asanabayidwe jekeseni, ma cell a HeLa amachotsedwa mu pulasitiki ya chikhalidwe ndi 1: 1 trypsin: Versene solution (Biolot, Russia).Akatsukidwa, ma cell adayimitsidwa pakatikati mpaka kuphatikizika kwa ma cell 5 × 106 pa 200 μL, ndikuchepetsedwa ndi matrix apansi (LDEV-FREE, MATRIGEL® CORNING®) (1: 1, pa ayezi).Kuyimitsidwa kwa selo lokonzekera kunalowetsedwa pansi pa khungu la ntchafu ya mbewa.Gwiritsani ntchito zida zamagetsi kuti muwone kukula kwa chotupa masiku atatu aliwonse.
Chotupacho chikafika 500 mm3, maginito okhazikika adayikidwa mu minofu ya nyama yoyesera pafupi ndi chotupacho.Mu gulu loyesera (MNPs-ICG + chotupa-M), 0.1 mL ya kuyimitsidwa kwa MNP idabayidwa ndikuwonetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamaginito.Zinyama zathunthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowongolera (zambiri).Kuphatikiza apo, nyama zojambulidwa ndi 0.1 mL ya MNP koma osayikidwa ndi maginito (MNPs-ICG + tumor-BM) zidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuwonekera kwa fluorescence kwa zitsanzo za mu vivo ndi mu vitro kunachitika pa IVIS Lumina LT mndandanda wa III bioimager (PerkinElmer Inc., USA).Kwa mawonedwe a in vitro, voliyumu ya 1 mL ya PLA-EDA-ICG ndi MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG conjugate inawonjezeredwa ku zitsime za mbale.Poganizira mawonekedwe a fluorescence a utoto wa ICG, fyuluta yabwino kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iwonetse kuwala kwachitsanzoyo imasankhidwa: kutalika kwachisangalalo chachikulu ndi 745 nm, ndipo kutalika kwa mawonekedwe ndi 815 nm.Pulogalamu ya Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa fluorescence ya zitsime zomwe zili ndi conjugate.
Kuchuluka kwa fluorescence ndi kudzikundikira kwa conjugate ya MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG kunayesedwa mu vivo chotupa mbewa zachitsanzo, popanda kukhalapo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito pamalo okondweretsa.Mbewazo zidawagonetsa ndi isoflurane, kenako 0.1 mL ya conjugate ya MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG idabayidwa kudzera mtsempha wamchira.Makoswe osagwiritsidwa ntchito adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yoletsa kuti apeze maziko a fulorosenti.Pambuyo popereka conjugate kudzera m'mitsempha, ikani nyamayo pamalo otentha (37 ° C) m'chipinda cha IVIS Lumina LT series III fluorescence imager (PerkinElmer Inc.) pamene mukupuma ndi 2% isoflurane anesthetization.Gwiritsani ntchito fyuluta yopangidwa ndi ICG (745–815 nm) kuti muzindikire chizindikiro mphindi imodzi ndi mphindi 15 mutayambitsa MNP.
Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa conjugate mu chotupacho, chigawo cha peritoneal cha nyamacho chinakutidwa ndi pepala, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kuthetsa kuwala kwa fluorescence komwe kumakhudzana ndi kudzikundikira kwa tinthu m'chiwindi.Pambuyo pophunzira za biodistribution wa MNP-PLA-EDA-ICG, nyama anali umunthu kukhutitsidwa ndi overdose wa isoflurane opaleshoni kwa wotsatira kulekana kwa madera chotupa ndi kachulukidwe kuwunika fluorescence poizoniyu.Gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu ya Living Image 4.5.5 (PerkinElmer Inc.) kuti mugwiritse ntchito pamanja kusanthula kwazizindikiro kuchokera kudera lomwe mwasankha.Miyezo itatu idatengedwa pa nyama iliyonse (n = 9).
Mu kafukufukuyu, sitinawerengere kukweza bwino kwa ICG pa MNPs-ICG.Kuphatikiza apo, sitinafanizire kusungirako bwino kwa nanoparticles mothandizidwa ndi maginito osatha amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Kuonjezera apo, sitinayang'ane zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za maginito pa kusungidwa kwa nanoparticles mu minofu ya chotupa.
Nanoparticles amalamulira, ndi kukula kwapakati pa 195.4 nm.Komanso, kuyimitsidwa munali agglomerates ndi kukula avareji 1176.0 nm (Chithunzi 5A).Pambuyo pake, gawolo linasefedwa kudzera mu fyuluta ya centrifugal.Mphamvu ya zeta ya particles ndi -15.69 mV (Chithunzi 5B).
Chithunzi 5 The thupi katundu kuyimitsidwa: (A) tinthu kukula kugawa;(B) kugawa tinthu pa zeta kuthekera;(C) Chithunzi cha TEM cha nanoparticles.
The tinthu kukula kwenikweni 200 nm (Chithunzi 5C), wapangidwa ndi MNP limodzi ndi kukula 20 nm, ndi PLA-EDA-ICG conjugated organic chipolopolo ndi m'munsi kachulukidwe elekitironi.Mapangidwe a agglomerates mu njira amadzimadzi akhoza kufotokozedwa ndi ndi otsika modulus wa electromotive mphamvu ya munthu nanoparticles.
Kwa maginito okhazikika, pamene magnetization imayikidwa mu voliyumu V, mawu ofunikira amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe ndi voliyumu ndi pamwamba:
Pankhani ya chitsanzo chokhala ndi magnetization nthawi zonse, kachulukidwe kameneka ndi zero.Kenako, mawu a maginito induction vector atenga mawonekedwe awa:
Gwiritsani ntchito pulogalamu ya MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc., USA) powerengera manambala, nambala ya laisensi yamaphunziro ya ETU "LETI" 40502181.
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7 Chithunzi 8 Chithunzi 9 Chithunzi-10, mphamvu yamaginito yamphamvu kwambiri imapangidwa ndi maginito ozungulira axially kuchokera kumapeto kwa silinda.Mawonekedwe ake ogwira ntchito ndi ofanana ndi geometry ya maginito.Mu maginito a cylindrical omwe ali ndi silinda yomwe kutalika kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa m'mimba mwake, mphamvu ya maginito yamphamvu kwambiri imapezeka mu axial-radial direction (pa gawo lolingana);choncho, ma silinda okhala ndi chiŵerengero chokulirapo (m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika) MNP adsorption ndiyothandiza kwambiri.
Chithunzi cha 7 Chigawo cha mphamvu ya maginito yolowetsa Bz motsatira mbali ya Oz ya maginito;kukula muyezo wa maginito: wakuda mzere 0.5×2mm, buluu mzere 2×2mm, wobiriwira mzere 3×2mm, wofiira mzere 5×2mm.
Chithunzi 8 Chigawo cha maginito cholowetsa maginito Br ndi perpendicular to magnet axis Oz;kukula muyezo wa maginito: wakuda mzere 0.5×2mm, buluu mzere 2×2mm, wobiriwira mzere 3×2mm, wofiira mzere 5×2mm.
Chithunzi 9 Mphamvu ya maginito yolowetsa maginito Bz chigawo chakutali r kuchokera kumapeto kwa maginito (z=0);kukula muyezo wa maginito: wakuda mzere 0.5×2mm, buluu mzere 2×2mm, wobiriwira mzere 3×2mm, wofiira mzere 5×2mm.
Chithunzi 10 Maginito induction chigawo pamodzi ndi njira yozungulira;muyezo maginito kukula: wakuda mzere 0.5×2mm, buluu mzere 2×2mm, wobiriwira mzere 3×2mm, wofiira mzere 5×2mm.
Special hydrodynamic zitsanzo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphunzira njira MNP yobereka kuti chotupa zimakhala, tcheru nanoparticles m'dera chandamale, ndi kudziwa khalidwe la nanoparticles pansi hydrodynamic mikhalidwe mu circulatory dongosolo.Maginito osatha angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maginito akunja.Ngati tinyalanyaza kuyanjana kwa magnetostatic pakati pa nanoparticles ndipo osaganizira maginito amadzimadzi chitsanzo, ndikwanira kuyerekezera kugwirizana pakati pa maginito ndi nanoparticle imodzi ndi dipole-dipole pafupifupi.
Kumene m ndi mphindi ya maginito ya maginito, r ndi radius vector ya pomwe nanoparticle ili, ndipo k ndi system factor.Pakuyerekeza kwa dipole, gawo la maginito lili ndi kasinthidwe kofanana (Chithunzi 11).
Mu yunifolomu maginito, nanoparticles amangozungulira pa mizere ya mphamvu.M'malo osagwirizana ndi maginito, mphamvu imachitapo kanthu:
Kumene kuli kochokera ku njira yoperekedwa l.Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvuyo imakoka ma nanoparticles m'malo osagwirizana kwambiri amunda, ndiko kuti, kupindika ndi kachulukidwe ka mizere yamphamvu kumawonjezeka.
Choncho, ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira amphamvu maginito (kapena maginito unyolo) ndi zoonekeratu axial anisotropy m'dera kumene particles ali.
Table 1 ikuwonetsa kuthekera kwa maginito amodzi ngati gwero lokwanira la maginito kuti ligwire ndikusunga MNP mumitsempha yamagawo ogwiritsira ntchito.