Graphite ndi mtundu wa crystalline wa carbon.Hexagonal crystal system, mu inki yachitsulo mpaka mtundu wakuda wa imvi.Kachulukidwe 2.25 g/cm3, kuuma 1.5, kusungunuka 3652 ℃, kuwira mfundo 4827 ℃.Zofewa m'mapangidwe, zomveka bwino komanso zochititsa chidwi.Chemical katundu si yogwira, dzimbiri zosagwira, ndi mosavuta zotakataka ndi zidulo, alkali, etc. Kulimbitsa kutentha mu mpweya kapena mpweya akhoza kutentha ndi kupanga carbon dioxide.Ma oxidants amphamvu amawatulutsa kukhala ma organic acid.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anti-friction agent komanso mafuta opangira mafuta, kupanga ma crucibles, maelekitirodi, mabatire owuma, ndi zowongolera mapensulo.High chiyero graphite angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga nyutroni woyang'anira mu nyukiliya reactors.Kaŵirikaŵiri umatchedwa makala kapena mtovu wakuda chifukwa poyamba unkaganiziridwa molakwika kukhala mtovu.

Ntchito zazikulu za graphite:

1. Ntchito ngati zinthu refractory: Graphite ndi mankhwala ake katundu kukana kutentha ndi mphamvu, ndipo makamaka ntchito mu makampani zitsulo kupanga graphite crucibles.Popanga zitsulo, graphite imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yotetezera zitsulo zachitsulo komanso ngati ng'anjo yazitsulo.

2. Monga zinthu conductive: ntchito mu makampani magetsi kupanga maelekitirodi, maburashi, carbon ndodo, machubu mpweya, maelekitirodi positive kwa mercury positive thiransifoma panopa, graphite gaskets, mbali telefoni, zokutira kwa machubu TV, etc.

3. Monga mafuta osamva kuvala: Graphite imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta opangira makina.Mafuta opaka mafuta nthawi zambiri sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mothamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kupanikizika kwambiri, pomwe zida zosagwirizana ndi ma graphite zimatha kugwira ntchito popanda mafuta opaka pa liwiro lalikulu lotsetsereka pa kutentha kwa 200-2000 ℃.Zipangizo zambiri zomwe zimanyamula zowononga zowononga zimapangidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu za graphite kuti zipange makapu a pistoni, mphete zomata, ndi mayendedwe, zomwe sizifunikira kuwonjezera mafuta opaka pakugwira ntchito.Emulsion ya graphite ndi mafuta abwino opangira zitsulo zambiri (kujambula kwawaya, kujambula chubu).

4. Graphite ali ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala.Mwapadera kukonzedwa graphite ali ndi makhalidwe kukana dzimbiri, matenthedwe madutsidwe wabwino, ndi otsika permeability, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga exchanger kutentha, akasinja reaction, condensers, kuyaka nsanja, mayamwidwe nsanja, coolers, heaters, zosefera, ndi zida mpope.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, acid-base production, synthetic fibers, papermaking, etc., amatha kupulumutsa zitsulo zambiri.

Mitundu ya graphite yosasunthika imasiyanasiyana pakukana kwa dzimbiri chifukwa cha ma resin osiyanasiyana omwe ali nawo.Phenolic resin impregnators ndi asidi kugonjetsedwa koma osati alkali kugonjetsedwa;Furfuryl alcohol resin impregnators ndi onse acid komanso alkali kugonjetsedwa.Kukana kutentha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyananso: mpweya ndi graphite zimatha kupirira 2000-3000 ℃ mumlengalenga wochepetsetsa, ndikuyamba kutulutsa oxidize pa 350 ℃ ndi 400 ℃ motsatira mumlengalenga wotsekemera;Mitundu ya graphite yosalowetsedwa imasiyanasiyana ndi inpregnating agent, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosamva kutentha mpaka pansi pa 180 ℃ poika pakamwa ndi phenolic kapena furfuryl mowa.

5. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poponyera, mchenga, kuumba, ndi zitsulo zotentha kwambiri: Chifukwa cha kagawo kakang'ono kamene kakuwonjezera kutentha kwa graphite ndi kuthekera kwake kupirira kusintha kwa kuzizira kofulumira ndi kutentha, kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nkhungu ya glassware.Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito graphite, zitsulo zakuda zimatha kupeza miyeso yolondola yoponyera, kusalala kwapamwamba ndi zokolola, ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kukonzanso kapena kukonza pang'ono, motero kupulumutsa zitsulo zambiri.Kupanga ma aloyi olimba ndi njira zina zopangira zitsulo za ufa nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida za graphite kupanga mabwato a ceramic kuti azikanikizira ndi kusisita.Kukula kwa crystal crucible, chidebe choyenga m'chigawo, chothandizira, chotenthetsera chotenthetsera, ndi zina zotero za silicon ya monocrystalline zonse zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku graphite yoyera kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apo, ma graphite atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati bolodi la graphite kutchinjiriza komanso maziko osungunula vacuum, ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri.

6. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga mphamvu za atomiki ndi chitetezo cha dziko: Graphite ili ndi ma neturoni apamwamba kwambiri kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mu ma reactor a atomiki, ndipo ma reactor a uranium-graphite ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri wa atomiki.Zinthu zochepetsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzowonjezera za atomiki pamagetsi ziyenera kukhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kukhazikika, komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndipo graphite imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamwambapa.Chiyero chofunikira cha graphite chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyatsira atomiki ndichokwera kwambiri, ndipo zonyansa siziyenera kupitilira ma PPM ambiri.Makamaka, zomwe zili ndi boron ziyenera kukhala zosakwana 0.5PPM.M'makampani oteteza dziko, ma graphite amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga ma nozzles a roketi zamafuta olimba, ma cones a mphuno zoponya, zigawo za zida zoyendera mumlengalenga, zida zotsekereza, ndi zida zoteteza ma radiation.

7. Graphite imatha kuletsanso kuwotcha makulitsidwe.Mayeso oyenerera a mayunitsi awonetsa kuti kuwonjezera ufa wa graphite (pafupifupi magalamu 4-5 pa tani imodzi yamadzi) m'madzi kumatha kuletsa kuwotcha pamwamba.Komanso, zokutira za graphite pa chumney zachitsulo, madenga, milatho, ndi mapaipi zingateteze dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri.

8. Graphite angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pensulo lead, pigment, ndi kupukuta.Pambuyo pokonza mwapadera, graphite ikhoza kupangidwa kukhala zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapadera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'madipatimenti oyenerera a mafakitale.

9. Electrode: Graphite ili ndi conductivity yabwino komanso kukana kochepa.Maelekitirodi a graphite amatha kupangidwa kuti azisungunula ng'anjo ndi ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi m'mafakitole achitsulo ndi silicon.