Ofufuza apeza mitundu yeniyeni ya gulu la tizilombo tomwe tinagwidwa mu amber ku Myanmar zaka pafupifupi 99 miliyoni zapitazo. Tizilombo takale tikuphatikizapo mavu a cuckoo, ntchentche za m'madzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zonse zimabwera mu buluu wachitsulo, wofiirira ndi wobiriwira.
Chilengedwe chili ndi mawonekedwe ambiri, koma zinthu zakale sizimasunga umboni wa mtundu woyambirira wa chamoyo. Komabe, akatswiri a zinthu zakale tsopano akufunafuna njira zodziwira mitundu kuchokera ku zinthu zakale zomwe zasungidwa bwino, kaya ndi ma dinosaur ndi zokwawa zouluka kapena njoka zakale ndi zinyama zoyamwitsa.
Kumvetsetsa mtundu wa zamoyo zomwe zatha n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kungauze ofufuza zambiri zokhudza khalidwe la nyama. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kukopa anzako kapena kuchenjeza zilombo zolusa, komanso kuthandizira kuwongolera kutentha. Kuphunzira zambiri za iwo kungathandizenso ofufuza kuphunzira zambiri za zachilengedwe ndi malo ozungulira.
Mu kafukufuku watsopano, gulu lofufuza kuchokera ku Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (NIGPAS) ya Chinese Academy of Sciences linayang'ana zitsanzo 35 za amber zomwe zinali ndi tizilombo tosungidwa bwino. Zinthu zakalezi zinapezeka mu mgodi wa amber kumpoto kwa Myanmar.
...Lowani nawo ZME Newsletter kuti mupeze nkhani zodabwitsa za sayansi, zinthu zapadera komanso nkhani zapadera. Simungalakwitse ndi olembetsa oposa 40,000.
"Amber ndi wa ku Cretaceous, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 99 miliyoni, kuyambira nthawi yagolide ya ma dinosaur," adatero wolemba wamkulu Chenyan Cai mu lipoti lake. "Ndi utomoni wopangidwa ndi mitengo yakale ya conifers yomwe imamera m'nkhalango yamvula. Zomera ndi nyama zomwe zagwidwa mu utomoni wokhuthala zimasungidwa, zina mwa izo zimakhala zamoyo."
Mitundu yachilengedwe nthawi zambiri imagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: bioluminescence, pigment, ndi mitundu ya kapangidwe kake. Mafupa a amber apeza mitundu yosungidwa ya kapangidwe kake yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba komanso yokongola (kuphatikiza mitundu yachitsulo) ndipo imapangidwa ndi zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimafalikira pakhungu la nyamayo pamutu, m'thupi ndi m'miyendo.
Ofufuzawo anapukuta zinthu zakale pogwiritsa ntchito sandpaper ndi ufa wa dziko lapansi wa diatomaceous. Amber ina imaphwanyidwa kukhala zidutswa zoonda kwambiri kuti tizilombo tiwoneke bwino, ndipo matrix yozungulira amber imakhala yowonekera bwino mu kuwala kowala. Zithunzi zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu kafukufukuyu zidasinthidwa kuti zisinthe kuwala ndi kusiyana.
"Mtundu wa mtundu womwe umasungidwa mu amber yakale umatchedwa mtundu wa kapangidwe kake," Yanhong Pan, wolemba nawo kafukufukuyu, adatero m'mawu ake. "Ma nanostructures apamwamba amafalitsa mafunde enaake a kuwala," "kupanga mitundu yowala kwambiri," adatero Pan, ndikuwonjezera kuti "njira imeneyi ndiyo imayambitsa mitundu yambiri yomwe timaidziwa m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku."
Pa zinthu zonse zakale, mavu a cuckoo ndi odabwitsa kwambiri, okhala ndi mitundu yabuluu-wobiriwira, wachikasu-wofiira, violet ndi wobiriwira pamutu pawo, pachifuwa, pamimba ndi miyendo. Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, mitundu iyi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mavu a cuckoo omwe alipo masiku ano. Zina zomwe zimadziwika bwino ndi mavu abuluu ndi ofiirira ndi ntchentche zakuda zachitsulo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu ya ma elekitironi, ofufuzawo adawonetsa kuti amber wa zinthu zakale ali ndi "mapangidwe ang'onoang'ono a exoskeleton osungidwa bwino."
“Zomwe tapeza zikusonyeza kuti zinthu zakale zina za amber zitha kukhala ndi mitundu yofanana ndi ya tizilombo tomwe tinkaoneka pamene tinali ndi moyo zaka pafupifupi 99 miliyoni zapitazo,” olemba kafukufukuyu analemba. “Kuphatikiza apo, izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti zomera zabuluu zobiriwira nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mavu a cuckoo omwe alipo.”
Fermin Koop ndi mtolankhani wochokera ku Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ali ndi digiri ya MA mu Environment and Development kuchokera ku University of Reading, UK, katswiri pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.