Bentonite ndi mchere wopanda chitsulo wokhala ndi montmorillonite monga gawo lalikulu la mchere.Mapangidwe a montmorillonite ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo amtundu wa 2: 1 wopangidwa ndi ma silicon oxide tetrahedron awiri ophatikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa aluminium oxide octahedron.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osanjikiza opangidwa ndi cell ya montmorillonite crystal, pali ma cations, monga Cu, Mg, Na, K, etc., ndipo kugwirizana pakati pa ma cations ndi selo la crystal la montmorillonite ndilokhazikika, lomwe ndi losavuta kukhala. kusinthanitsa ndi ma cations ena, kotero ili ndi katundu wabwino wosinthanitsa ndi ion.Kumayiko akunja, idagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madipatimenti opitilira 100 m'magawo a 24 opanga mafakitale ndi ulimi, okhala ndi zinthu zopitilira 300, kotero anthu amachitcha "nthaka yapadziko lonse lapansi".

Bentonite imadziwikanso kuti bentonite, bentonite, kapena bentonite.China ili ndi mbiri yakale yopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bentonite, yomwe poyamba inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira.(Kunali migodi yotseguka m'dera la Renshou ku Sichuan zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, ndipo anthu am'deralo amatchedwa bentonite nthaka ufa.).Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa zaka zopitirira zana.Kupezedwa koyambirira ku United States kunali kudera lakale la Wyoming, komwe dongo lobiriwira lachikasu, lomwe limatha kukula kukhala phala pambuyo powonjezera madzi, limatchedwa bentonite.Ndipotu, mchere chigawo chachikulu cha bentonite ndi montmorillonite, ndi zili 85-90%.Zina za bentonite zimatsimikiziridwa ndi montmorillonite.Montmorillonite ikhoza kutenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga yobiriwira yachikasu, yachikasu yoyera, imvi, yoyera, ndi zina zotero.Itha kupanga zowundana kapena dothi lotayirira, ndi kuterera koterera mukamasisita ndi zala zanu.Pambuyo powonjezera madzi, thupi laling'ono limakula kangapo mpaka 20-30 mu voliyumu, ndipo limawoneka ngati likuimitsidwa m'madzi.Madzi akakhala ochepa, amaoneka ngati matope.Makhalidwe a montmorillonite amagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake kake komanso kapangidwe ka mkati.

Natural bleached nthaka

Mwachilengedwe, dongo loyera lopangidwa mwachilengedwe lokhala ndi buluu lopangidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi dongo loyera, loyera lotuwa makamaka lopangidwa ndi montmorillonite, albite, ndi quartz, ndipo ndi mtundu wa bentonite.

Ndi makamaka mankhwala kuwonongeka kwa vitreous chiphala thanthwe, amene si kuwonjezera pambuyo kuyamwa madzi, ndi pH mtengo wa kuyimitsidwa ndi ofooka asidi, amene ndi wosiyana ndi zamchere bentonite;Kuchita kwake koyera ndi koyipa kwambiri kuposa dongo lomwe limagwira ntchito.Mitunduyo nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera yachikasu, yobiriwira yoyera, imvi, ya azitona, yofiirira, yoyera yamkaka, yofiira pichesi, yabuluu, ndi zina zotero.Ochepa kwambiri ndi oyera oyera.Kachulukidwe: 2.7-2.9g/cm.Kachulukidwe kowoneka bwino nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika chifukwa cha porosity.The mankhwala zikuchokera ofanana dongo wamba, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala kukhala aluminium okusayidi, pakachitsulo woipa, madzi, ndi pang'ono chitsulo, magnesium, calcium, etc. Palibe plasticity, mkulu adsorption.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa hydrous silicic acid, imakhala acidic ku litmus.Madzi amatha kusweka ndipo amakhala ndi madzi ambiri.Nthawi zambiri, kung'ambika bwino, kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya decolorization.

Panthawi yowunikira, poyesa kuwunika, ndikofunikira kuyeza momwe ntchito yake ikuyendera, acidity, kusefera, kuyamwa kwamafuta, ndi zinthu zina.

Bentonite miyala
Bentonite ore ndi mchere wokhala ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo khalidwe lake ndi minda yogwiritsira ntchito makamaka zimadalira zomwe zili ndi khalidwe la mtundu wa montmorillonite ndi mankhwala ake a crystal.Chifukwa chake, kakulidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kuyenera kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mgodi kupita ku wanga komanso kuchokera kuntchito kupita kuntchito.Mwachitsanzo, kupanga adamulowetsa dongo, kashiamu zochokera sodium zochokera, pobowola grouting kwa pobowola mafuta, m'malo wowuma monga slurry kwa kupota, kusindikiza ndi utoto, ntchito mkati ndi kunja khoma zokutira pa zomangira, kukonzekera organic bentonite, synthesizing 4A zeolite. kuchokera ku bentonite, kutulutsa mpweya woyera wakuda, ndi zina zotero.

Kusiyana pakati pa calcium based ndi sodium based

Mtundu wa bentonite umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa interlayer cation mu bentonite.Pamene interlayer cation ndi Na +, amatchedwa sodium based bentonite;Calcium based bentonite imatchedwa pamene interlayer cation ndi Ca +.Sodium montmorillonite (kapena sodium bentonite) ili ndi katundu wabwino kuposa calcium based bentonite.Komabe, kugawidwa kwa nthaka ya calcareous padziko lapansi ndikokulirapo kuposa nthaka ya sodium.Choncho, kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa kufufuza nthaka ya sodium, m'pofunika kusintha nthaka ya calcareous kuti ikhale nthaka ya sodium.