Bentonite ndi mchere wosakhala wachitsulo womwe montmorillonite ndiye gawo lalikulu la mchere. Kapangidwe ka montmorillonite ndi kapangidwe ka kristalo ka mtundu wa 2:1 kopangidwa ndi ma tetrahedrons awiri a silicon oxide okhala ndi wosanjikiza wa octahedron wa aluminiyamu. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka magawo komwe kamapangidwa ndi selo la kristalo la montmorillonite, pali ma cations ena, monga Cu, Mg, Na, K, ndi zina zotero, ndipo kuyanjana pakati pa ma cations awa ndi selo la kristalo la montmorillonite ndi kosakhazikika kwambiri, komwe ndikosavuta kusinthana ndi ma cations ena, kotero ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zosinthira ma ion. Kunja, yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madipatimenti opitilira 100 m'magawo 24 opanga mafakitale ndi ulimi, okhala ndi zinthu zoposa 300, kotero anthu amaitcha "nthaka yapadziko lonse".

Bentonite imadziwikanso kuti bentonite, bentonite, kapena bentonite. China ili ndi mbiri yakale yopangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito bentonite, yomwe poyamba inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sopo wothira madzi. (Panali migodi yotseguka m'dera la Renshou ku Sichuan zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, ndipo anthu am'deralo ankaitcha bentonite dothi la ufa.). Yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa zaka zoposa zana limodzi zokha. Kupezeka koyamba ku United States kunali m'magawo akale a Wyoming, komwe dongo lachikasu-lobiriwira, lomwe limatha kukula kukhala phala mutawonjezera madzi, limatchedwa bentonite. Ndipotu, gawo lalikulu la mchere wa bentonite ndi montmorillonite, yokhala ndi 85-90%. Makhalidwe ena a bentonite amatsimikiziridwanso ndi montmorillonite. Montmorillonite imatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga wobiriwira wachikasu, woyera wachikasu, imvi, woyera, ndi zina zotero. Imatha kupanga ziphuphu zokhuthala kapena nthaka yotayirira, yokhala ndi phokoso loterera ikakanda ndi zala zanu. Mukawonjezera madzi, thupi laling'ono limakula kangapo mpaka ka 20-30, ndipo limawoneka lopachikidwa m'madzi. Madzi akakhala ochepa, amaoneka ngati osalala. Kapangidwe ka montmorillonite kamagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake ka mkati.

Dothi lachilengedwe lopaka utoto

Dongo loyera lachilengedwe lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu zoyeretsera ndi dongo loyera, loyera loyera lopangidwa makamaka ndi montmorillonite, albite, ndi quartz, ndipo ndi mtundu wa bentonite.

Ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya vitreous volcanic, yomwe siimakula ikatha kuyamwa madzi, ndipo pH ya suspension ndi asidi wofooka, yomwe ndi yosiyana ndi alkaline bentonite; Kuyera kwake kumakhala koipa kuposa dongo loyatsidwa. Mitundu yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu chopepuka, yoyera wobiriwira, imvi, mtundu wa azitona, bulauni, yoyera mkaka, yofiira pichesi, buluu, ndi zina zotero. Ochepa kwambiri ndi oyera okha. Kuchuluka: 2.7-2.9g/cm. Kuchuluka kooneka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha porosity. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala kamafanana ndi ka dongo wamba, ndipo zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala ndi aluminiyamu oxide, silicon dioxide, madzi, ndi chitsulo chochepa, magnesium, calcium, ndi zina zotero. Palibe plasticity, ndipo imakhudzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hydrous silicic acid, imakhala ndi acidic ku litmus. Madzi amatha kusweka ndipo amakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kusalala kwake kumakhala kochepa, mphamvu ya decolorization imakhala yayikulu.

Pa nthawi yofufuza, poyesa ubwino, ndikofunikira kuyeza momwe imagwirira ntchito yoyera, acidity, kusefa, kuyamwa kwa mafuta, ndi zinthu zina.

Mkuwa wa Bentonite
Bentonite ore ndi mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ubwino wake ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zili ndi mtundu wa montmorillonite komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, chitukuko chake ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ziyenera kusiyana kuchokera ku mgodi kupita ku wina komanso kuchokera ku ntchito kupita ku wina. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga dongo loyatsidwa, calcium yochokera ku sodium, kubowola grouting yobowola mafuta, kusintha starch ngati slurry yopota, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto, kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zamkati ndi zakunja pakhoma pazipangizo zomangira, kukonza organic bentonite, kupanga 4A zeolite kuchokera ku bentonite, kupanga white carbon black, ndi zina zotero.

Kusiyana pakati pa calcium ndi sodium

Mtundu wa bentonite umatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa interlayer cation mu bentonite. Pamene interlayer cation ndi Na+, imatchedwa sodium based bentonite; bentonite yochokera ku calcium imatchedwa pamene interlayer cation ndi Ca+. Sodium montmorillonite (kapena sodium bentonite) ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kuposa bentonite yochokera ku calcium. Komabe, kufalikira kwa nthaka ya calcareous padziko lonse lapansi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa nthaka ya sodium. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa kulimbitsa kufunafuna nthaka ya sodium, ndikofunikira kusintha nthaka ya calcareous kuti ikhale sodium.