Bentonite ndi mchere wosakhala wachitsulo womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi montmorillonite. Kapangidwe ka montmorillonite ndi kapangidwe ka kristalo ka mtundu wa 2:1 kopangidwa ndi tetrahedra ziwiri za silica zokongoletsedwa ndi wosanjikiza wa aluminium oxide octahedra. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kopangidwa ndi maselo a kristalo a montmorillonite, pali ma cations ena, monga Cu, Mg, Na, K, ndi zina zotero, ndipo kuyanjana kwawo ndi maselo a kristalo a montmorillonite ndi kosakhazikika, komwe ndikosavuta kusinthana ndi ma cations ena, kotero ali ndi mphamvu zabwino zosinthira ma ion. Kunja, yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madipatimenti opitilira 100 m'magawo 24 opanga mafakitale ndi ulimi, okhala ndi zinthu zoposa 300, motero anthu amaitcha "nthaka yapadziko lonse".

Bentonite imadziwikanso kuti bentonite, bentonite, kapena bentonite. China ili ndi mbiri yayitali yopangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito bentonite, yomwe poyamba inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sopo wothira madzi. Panali migodi yotseguka m'dera la Renshou ku Sichuan zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo, ndipo anthu am'deralo ankatcha bentonite ufa wa dongo. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri koma ili ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa zana. Kupezeka koyamba ku United States kunali m'magawo akale a Wyoming, komwe dongo lobiriwira lachikasu, lomwe limatha kukula kukhala phala litawonjezeredwa madzi, nthawi zambiri limatchedwa bentonite. Ndipotu, gawo lalikulu la mchere wa bentonite ndi montmorillonite, yokhala ndi 85-90%. Makhalidwe ena a bentonite amatsimikiziridwanso ndi montmorillonite. Montmorillonite imatha kuwoneka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana monga wobiriwira wachikasu, woyera wachikasu, imvi, woyera, ndi zina zotero. Imatha kupanga mabuloko okhuthala kapena nthaka yotayirira, yokhala ndi kumverera koterera ikakanda ndi zala. Pambuyo powonjezera madzi, kuchuluka kwa mabuloko ang'onoang'ono kumawonjezeka kangapo mpaka nthawi 20-30, kumawonekera ngati wopachikidwa m'madzi, komanso ngati phala pamene madzi ali ochepa. Kapangidwe ka montmorillonite kamagwirizana ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kapangidwe kake ka mkati.

Dongo lopangidwa

Dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo (makamaka bentonite) ngati zinthu zopangira, lomwe limathandizidwa ndi asidi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, kutsatiridwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi kuuma ndi madzi. Maonekedwe ake ndi ufa woyera ngati mkaka, wopanda fungo, wopanda kukoma, wopanda poizoni, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yolimba yothira madzi. Limatha kuthira zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zachilengedwe. N'zosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi mumlengalenga, ndipo kuliyika kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa mphamvu yothira madzi. Komabe, kutentha mpaka madigiri 300 Celsius kumayamba kutaya madzi a kristalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ndikukhudza kutha kwa madzi. Dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo silisungunuka m'madzi, zosungunulira zachilengedwe, ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana, pafupifupi limasungunuka kwathunthu mu soda yotentha ya caustic ndi hydrochloric acid, yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 2.3-2.5, komanso kutupa kochepa m'madzi ndi mafuta.

Dothi lachilengedwe lopaka utoto

Dongo loyera lachilengedwe lomwe limapezeka mwachilengedwe lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu zoyeretsera ndi dongo loyera, loyera loyera lopangidwa makamaka ndi montmorillonite, albite, ndi quartz, ndipo ndi mtundu wa bentonite.
Makamaka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya volcano yooneka ngati galasi, yomwe siimakula ikatenga madzi, ndipo pH ya kuyimitsidwayo ndi yosiyana ndi ya alkaline bentonite; Kuyera kwake kumakhala koipa kuposa kwa dongo loyatsidwa. Mitundu yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu chopepuka, yoyera wobiriwira, imvi, mtundu wa azitona, bulauni, yoyera mkaka, yofiira pichesi, buluu, ndi zina zotero. Pali zoyera zochepa kwambiri. Kuchulukana 2.7-2.9g/cm. Kuchuluka kooneka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha porosity yake. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala kamafanana ndi ka dongo wamba, komwe zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala ndi aluminiyamu oxide, silicon dioxide, madzi, ndi chitsulo chochepa, magnesium, calcium, ndi zina zotero. Palibe pulasitiki, yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yothira madzi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hydrous silicic acid, imakhala ndi acidic ku litmus. Madzi amatha kusweka ndipo amakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kusalala kwake kumakhala kochepa, mphamvu yosintha mtundu imakhala yayikulu.

Mkuwa wa Bentonite
Mchere wa Bentonite ndi mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, komanso ubwino wake.