Dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo (makamaka bentonite) ngati zinthu zopangira, limachiritsidwa ndi asidi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, mchere kapena njira zina, kenako limatsukidwa ndikuumitsidwa ndi madzi. Lili ndi mawonekedwe oyera ngati ufa wa mkaka, silinunkhiza, silinunkhiza, silili ndi poizoni, ndipo limagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri poyamwa. Limatha kuyamwa zinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zachilengedwe. N'zosavuta kuyamwa chinyezi mumlengalenga, ndipo kuliyika kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa mphamvu ya kuyamwa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, ndibwino kutentha (makamaka pa madigiri 80-100 Celsius) kuti libwezeretsedwe. Komabe, kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 300 Celsius kumayamba kutaya madzi a kristalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ndikukhudza kutha kwa ntchito. Dongo lopangidwa ndi dongo silisungunuka m'madzi, zosungunulira zachilengedwe, ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana, pafupifupi limasungunuka kwathunthu mu soda yotentha ya caustic ndi hydrochloric acid, yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa 2.3-2.5, komanso kutupa kochepa m'madzi ndi mafuta.

Dongo loyera lachilengedwe lomwe limapezeka mwachilengedwe lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu zoyeretsera ndi dongo loyera, loyera loyera lopangidwa makamaka ndi montmorillonite, albite, ndi quartz, ndipo ndi mtundu wa bentonite.

Makamaka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa miyala ya volcano yooneka ngati galasi, yomwe siimakula ikatenga madzi, ndipo pH ya kuyimitsidwayo ndi yosiyana ndi ya alkaline bentonite; Kuyera kwake kumakhala koipa kuposa kwa dongo loyatsidwa. Mitundu yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu chopepuka, yoyera wobiriwira, imvi, mtundu wa azitona, bulauni, yoyera mkaka, yofiira pichesi, buluu, ndi zina zotero. Pali zoyera zochepa kwambiri. Kuchulukana 2.7-2.9g/cm. Kuchuluka kooneka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha porosity yake. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala kamafanana ndi ka dongo wamba, komwe zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala ndi aluminiyamu oxide, silicon dioxide, madzi, ndi chitsulo chochepa, magnesium, calcium, ndi zina zotero. Palibe pulasitiki, yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yothira madzi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa hydrous silicic acid, imakhala ndi acidic ku litmus. Madzi amatha kusweka ndipo amakhala ndi madzi ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kusalala kwake kumakhala kochepa, mphamvu yosintha mtundu imakhala yayikulu.

Pochita kafukufuku wa ubwino panthawi yofufuza, ndikofunikira kuyeza momwe imagwirira ntchito poyeretsa, acidity, kusefa, kuyamwa kwa mafuta, ndi zinthu zina.