Kulumikiza opanga zisankho kugulu lazidziwitso, anthu ndi malingaliro, Bloomberg imapereka zidziwitso zamabizinesi ndi zachuma, nkhani ndi luntha padziko lonse lapansi mwachangu komanso molondola.
Kulumikiza opanga zisankho kugulu lazidziwitso, anthu ndi malingaliro, Bloomberg imapereka zidziwitso zamabizinesi ndi zachuma, nkhani ndi luntha padziko lonse lapansi mwachangu komanso molondola.
PepsiCo ndi Coca-Cola alonjeza kuti atulutsa mpweya wambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, koma kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, akuyenera kuthana ndi vuto lomwe adathandizira: kutsika kwamitengo yobwezeretsanso ku United States.
Pamene Coca-Cola, Pepsi ndi Keurig Dr Pepper adawerengera mpweya wawo wa 2020, zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa: Makampani atatu akuluakulu a zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi pamodzi adapopa matani 121 miliyoni a mpweya woipa m'mlengalenga - kuchepetsa nyengo yonse ya Belgium.
Tsopano, zimphona zazikulu za soda zikulonjeza kuti zidzasintha kwambiri nyengo. Pepsi ndi Coca-Cola alonjeza kuti sadzatulutsa mpweya uliwonse mkati mwazaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, pomwe Dr Pepper walonjeza kuti achepetsa kuwononga nyengo ndi 15% pofika 2030.
Koma kuti apite patsogolo pazolinga zawo zanyengo, makampani opanga zakumwa amayenera kuthana ndi vuto lomwe adathandizira: kutsika kwamitengo yobwezeretsanso ku United States.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kupanga mabotolo apulasitiki ochuluka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri pamakampani opanga zakumwa zanyengo.Mapulasitiki ambiri ndi polyethylene terephthalate, kapena "PET," omwe zigawo zake zimachokera ku mafuta ndi gasi lachilengedwe ndipo kenako zimadutsa njira zambiri zowonjezera mphamvu. .
Chaka chilichonse, makampani opanga zakumwa ku America amapanga mabotolo apulasitiki okwana 100 biliyoni kuti agulitse soda, madzi, zakumwa zopatsa mphamvu ndi timadziti. Kutaya kwa pulasitiki yofanana ndi chigumukireku kumapangitsa 30 peresenti ya mpweya wa Coca-Cola, kapena matani pafupifupi 15 miliyoni pachaka. Izi zikufanana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nyengo komwe kumachokera ku imodzi mwa malo opangira magetsi oyaka moto ndi malasha.
Zimabweretsanso zinyalala zodabwitsa. Malinga ndi National Association of PET Container Resources (NAPCOR), pofika chaka cha 2020, 26.6% yokha ya mabotolo a PET ku United States ndi omwe adzabwezeretsedwenso, pomwe ena onse adzawotchedwa, kuyikidwa m'malo otayirako kapena kutayidwa ngati. M'madera ena a dzikolo, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri. M'chigawo cha Miami-Dade, m'chigawo chomwe chili ndi anthu ambiri ku Florida, botolo la pulasitiki limodzi lokha pa 100 ndi limene limapangidwanso. zaka 20 zapitazi, kumbuyo kwa mayiko ena ambiri monga Lithuania (90%), Sweden (86%) ndi Mexico (53%)). Reloop Platform, yopanda phindu yomwe imalimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwamapaketi.
Zowonongeka zonsezi ndi mwayi waukulu wosowa kwa nyengo.Mabotolo a pulasitiki a soda akagwiritsidwanso ntchito, amasandulika kukhala zipangizo zatsopano zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makapeti, zovala, zotengera zamtengo wapatali, komanso mabotolo atsopano a soda. Franklin Associates, mabotolo a PET opangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso amatulutsa 40 peresenti yokha ya mpweya wotsekereza kutentha wopangidwa ndi mabotolo opangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki ya namwali.
Powona mwayi woti achepetse kuponda kwawo, makampani opanga zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi akulonjeza kuti agwiritsa ntchito PET yobwezerezedwanso m'mabotolo awo. Coca-Cola, Dr Pepper ndi Pepsi adzipereka kuti apeze gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mapepala awo apulasitiki kuchokera kuzinthu zobwezerezedwanso pofika 2025, ndi Coca- Cola ndi Pepsi adzipereka ku 50 peresenti pofika 2030. (Lero, Coca-Cola ndi 13.6%, Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. ndi 11% ndipo PepsiCo ndi 6%.)
Koma kuperewera kwa mabotolo m'dzikomo kumatanthauza kuti palibe mabotolo okwanira omwe apezeka kuti makampani opanga zakumwa akwaniritse zolinga zawo.NAPCOR ikuti chiwerengero cha US chobwezeretsanso chiyenera kuwirikiza kawiri pofika chaka cha 2025 ndi kuwirikiza kawiri pofika 2030 kuti apereke ndalama zokwanira zogwirira ntchito zamakampani. "Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa mabotolo," atero a Alexandra Tennant, katswiri wokonzanso pulasitiki ku Wood Mackenzie Ltd.
Koma makampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ndiwo makamaka amayambitsa kuchepa.Makampaniwa akhala akulimbana kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri pamalingaliro owonjezera kubwezerezedwanso kwa makontena. kapena 10-cent deposit ku zakumwa zakumwa.Makasitomala amalipira zowonjezera patsogolo ndi kubweza ndalama zawo akabweza botolo.Kuyamikira zotengera zopanda kanthu kumabweretsa mitengo yapamwamba yobwezeretsanso: Malingana ndi bungwe lopanda phindu la Container Recycling Institute, mabotolo a PET amapangidwanso 57 peresenti mu botolo. -maiko osakwatiwa ndi 17 peresenti m'maiko ena.
Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti zapambana, makampani opanga zakumwa adagwirizana ndi mafakitale ena, monga masitolo ogulitsa zakudya ndi onyamula zinyalala, kwazaka zambiri kuti achotse malingaliro ofananawo m'maboma ena ambiri, ponena kuti njira zosungiramo ndalama ndizovuta, ndipo ndi msonkho wopanda chilungamo womwe umalepheretsa kugulitsa. Kuchokera pamene dziko la Hawaii linapereka lamulo loti likhazikitse mabotolo m’chaka cha 2002, palibe zimene boma linanena zomwe zakhala zikutsutsidwa.” Izi zimawapatsa udindo wina watsopano umene anaupewa m’mayiko ena 40,” anatero Judith Enck. pulezidenti wa Beyond Plastics komanso woyang’anira dera wakale wa bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe la US Environmental Protection Agency.”
Coca-Cola, Pepsi ndi Dr. Pepper onse adalemba m'mayankho awo kuti ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupanga zida zatsopano kuti achepetse zinyalala ndikubwezeretsanso makontena ambiri. ndipo ali otsegukira njira zonse zomwe zingatheke kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo. Beverage Industry Group, adatero m'mawu olembedwa Nenani.
Komabe, opanga malamulo ambiri omwe akuyesetsa kuthana ndi vuto lomwe likukula la zinyalala za pulasitiki amakumanabe ndi zotsutsana ndi makampani a zakumwa. "Zomwe akunena ndi zomwe akunena," adatero Sarah Love, woimira Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Maryland.Posachedwapa adakhazikitsa lamulo lolimbikitsa kukonzanso zinthu powonjezera ndalama zokwana masenti 10 m’mabotolo a zakumwa.” Iwo ankatsutsa, sankazifuna.M’malo mwake, analonjeza zimenezi kuti palibe amene adzawayankhe mlandu.”
Pafupifupi kotala la mabotolo apulasitiki omwe amasinthidwanso ku US, atapakidwa m'mitolo yolimba, iliyonse kukula kwake ngati galimoto yaying'ono, ndikutumizidwa kufakitale ku Vernon, California, ndi gritty nyumba zosanja zonyezimira za mzinda wa Los Angeles.
Pano, m'phanga lalikulu lokhala ngati nyumba yosungiramo ndege, rPlanet Earth imalandira mabotolo a PET ogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi 2 biliyoni chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso m'boma. mtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 20 ndi malamba onyamula katundu n’kudutsa m’mafakitale, mmene ankasanja, kuwaduladula, kuwasambitsa ndi kusungunuka. zomwe pambuyo pake zidawombedwa m'mabotolo apulasitiki.
M'chipinda chamsonkhano chokhala ndi kapeti choyang'ana pansi pa fakitale, yosasunthika, mkulu wa bungwe la rPlanet Earth Bob Daviduk adati kampaniyo imagulitsa ma preforms ake ku makampani obotolo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampaniwa kuti azipaka mitundu yayikulu ya zakumwa. zidziwitso zabizinesi.
Chiyambireni nyumbayi mu 2019, a David Duke adakambirana poyera za cholinga chake chomanganso malo ena atatu obwezeretsanso pulasitiki kwina ku United States. .Vuto lalikulu ndi loti kuchepa kwa mabotolo apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchitonso kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza zinthu zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo.
Malonjezo amakampani opanga zakumwa akhoza kulephera kufakitale ena ambiri asanamangidwe. "Tili pamavuto akulu," adatero Omar Abuaita, wamkulu wa Evergreen Recycling, yomwe imagwira ntchito zopangira zida zinayi ku North America ndikusintha mabotolo 11 biliyoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito chaka chilichonse. mu utomoni wa pulasitiki wokonzedwanso, womwe umathera m’botolo latsopano.” Kodi zinthu zimene mukufuna mumazipeza kuti?”
Mabotolo a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi sakuyenera kukhala vuto lalikulu la nyengo zomwe ali nazo masiku ano. Zaka zana zapitazo, ogulitsa mabotolo a Coca-Cola adayambitsa njira yoyamba yosungiramo katundu, akulipira senti imodzi kapena ziwiri pa botolo la galasi. Makasitomala amalandira ndalama zawo akabwezera botolo ku sitolo.
Pofika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1940, chiŵerengero cha kubwerera kwa mabotolo a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ku United States chinali chokwera kufika pa 96%. Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri ya chilengedwe ku The Ohio State University Bartow J. Elmore’s Citizen Coke, avareji ya maulendo ozungulira opita ku Coca-Cola. botolo lagalasi kuchokera ku botolo kupita kwa ogula kupita ku botolo pazaka khumi zimenezo zinali 22.
Pamene Coca-Cola ndi ena opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi anayamba kusinthira ku zitini zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu m’ma 1960—ndipo, pambuyo pake, mabotolo apulasitiki, amene ali ponseponse lerolino—mliri wotulukapo wa zinyalala unadzetsa m’mbuyo. tumizani zotengera zawo za soda zopanda kanthu kwa tcheyamani wa Coca-Cola ndi uthenga wakuti “Bweretsani ndipo mudzagwiritsenso ntchito!”
Makampani opanga zakumwa adalimbana ndi buku lamasewera lomwe lingakhale lawo kwazaka zambiri. M'malo motengera kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimabwera ndi kusamukira ku zotengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, agwira ntchito molimbika kuti apange lingaliro kuti ndi la anthu. Mwachitsanzo, Coca-Cola inayambitsa kampeni yotsatsa malonda kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 yomwe inasonyeza mtsikana wokongola akuwerama kuti atole zinyalala. .”
Makampaniwa aphatikiza uthengawo ndi kutsutsa malamulo omwe akuyesera kuthana ndi chisokonezo chomwe chikukula. Oregon adakhazikitsa lamulo loyamba la botolo la dzikolo, ndikuwonjezera ndalama za botolo la masenti 5, ndipo loya wamkulu wa boma adadabwa ndi chipwirikiti cha ndale: "Sindinawonepo zofuna zambiri zotsutsana ndi kukakamizidwa kochuluka Chonchi kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi.Bills, "adatero.
Mu 1990, Coca-Cola adalengeza zomwe kampaniyo idalonjeza kuti iwonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso m'mitsuko yake, pakati pa nkhawa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira pakutayira. lalonjeza lero, ndipo kampani yazakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi tsopano yati ikwaniritsa cholinga chimenecho pofika chaka cha 2025, pafupifupi zaka 35 kuposa zomwe Coca-Cola adafuna.
Kampani ya chakumwa yakhala ikupanga malonjezo olakwika pazaka zingapo zilizonse Coca-Cola italephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zake zoyambilira, ponena za kukwera mtengo kwa mapulasitiki opangidwanso. Coca-Cola idalonjeza mu 2007 kuti ikonzanso kapena kugwiritsiranso ntchito 100 peresenti ya mabotolo ake a PET mu ku US, pomwe PepsiCo inanena mu 2010 kuti ichulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zotengera za zakumwa zaku US kufika pa 50 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2018. Zolingazo zatsimikizira omenyera ufulu wawo ndikufalitsa nkhani zabwino za atolankhani, koma molingana ndi NAPCOR, mitengo yobwezeretsanso mabotolo a PET yakhala ikukwera. pang'ono kuchoka pa 24.6% mu 2007 kufika 29.1% mu 2010 kufika 26.6% mu 2020. "Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amachita bwino pakubwezeretsanso ndi kufalitsa nkhani," atero a Susan Collins, mkulu wa Container Recycling Institute.
Akuluakulu a Coca-Cola adanena m'mawu olembedwa kuti kulakwitsa kwawo koyamba "kumatipatsa mwayi wophunzira" komanso kuti ali ndi chidaliro chokwaniritsa zolinga zamtsogolo. Gulu lawo logula zinthu tsopano likuchita "msonkhano wapamsewu" kuti awunikenso zapadziko lonse lapansi zobwezeretsanso. PET, yomwe akuti idzawathandiza kumvetsetsa zopinga ndi kupanga ndondomeko.PepsiCo sinayankhe mafunso okhudza malonjezo ake omwe sanakwaniritsidwe m'mbuyomu, koma akuluakulu a boma adanena m'mawu olembedwa kuti "idzapitiriza kuyendetsa zatsopano pakuyika ndi kulimbikitsa ndondomeko zanzeru zomwe zimayendetsa galimoto. kuzungulira ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala.”
Kupanduka komwe kwatenga zaka makumi ambiri m'makampani opanga zakumwa kukuwoneka kuti kuli pafupi kutha mu 2019. Makampani opanga zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi akukhazikitsa zolinga zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zanyengo, ndizosatheka kunyalanyaza mpweya womwe umachokera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pulasitiki yopanda namwali. M'mawu ake ku New York Times , American Beverages inalozera kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti ingakhale yololera kuthandizira ndondomeko yoyika madipoziti pa makontena.
Patatha miyezi ingapo, a Katherine Lugar, CEO wa American Beverages, analankhula pa msonkhano wamakampani onyamula katundu, kulengeza kuti makampani akuthetsa njira yawo yolimbana ndi malamulo otere. ”Mumva mawu osiyanasiyana ochokera kumakampani athu. ,” analumbira.Ngakhale adatsutsa mabilu akubotolo m'mbuyomu, adalongosola, "simutimva 'ayi' tsopano."Makampani opanga zakumwa amakhala ndi 'zolinga zolimba' kuti achepetse malo awo okhala ndi chilengedwe, amayenera kukonzanso mabotolo ambiri." Zonse ziyenera kukhala patebulo, "adatero.
Monga ngati kuti atsindike njira yatsopanoyi, akuluakulu a Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper ndi American Beverage anasonkhana mbali imodzi pa siteji yopangidwa ndi mbendera ya ku America mu October 2019. Botolo” back.Makampani adalonjeza $100 miliyoni pazaka khumi zikubwerazi kuti apititse patsogolo machitidwe obwezeretsanso anthu ammudzi kudera lonse la US Ndalamazi zigwirizana ndi ndalama zina zokwana $300 miliyoni zochokera kwa osunga ndalama ndi boma.Thandizo la "pafupifupi theka la biliyoni" la USD" lidzawonjezera kukonzanso kwa PET ndi mapaundi a 80 miliyoni pachaka ndikuthandizira makampaniwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki ya namwali.
American Beverage idatulutsa zotsatsa zapa TV zomwe zikuwonetsa antchito atatu amphamvu ovala mayunifolomu a Coca-Cola, Pepsi ndi Dr. Pepper atayima m'paki yobiriwira yozunguliridwa ndi ferns ndi maluwa. kuti chilankhulo chake chimakumbukira uthenga womwe makampaniwo adalengeza kwanthawi yayitali kwa makasitomala: “Chonde tithandizeni kubweza botolo lililonse..”Malonda a masekondi 30, omwe adachitika chaka chatha Super Bowl asanachitike, adawonekera nthawi 1,500 pawailesi yakanema mdziko muno ndipo adawononga pafupifupi $5 miliyoni, malinga ndi iSpot.tv, kampani yoyezera zotsatsa pa TV.
Ngakhale kusintha kwa mawu m'makampani, zochepa zomwe zachitika kuti ziwonjezeke kwambiri kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso.Mwachitsanzo, makampaniwa apereka ndalama zokwana $7.9 miliyoni pa ngongole ndi zopereka mpaka pano, malinga ndi kusanthula kwa Bloomberg Green komwe kumaphatikizapo zoyankhulana ndi. olandira ambiri.
Kunena zowona, ambiri mwa olandirawa akukondwera ndi ndalamazo.Ntchitoyi inapereka ndalama zokwana madola 166,000 ku Big Bear, California, makilomita 100 kummawa kwa Los Angeles, kuwathandiza kulipira gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mtengo wokweza nyumba 12,000 ku magalimoto akuluakulu obwezeretsanso. Pakati pa mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngolo zazikuluzikuluzi, mitengo yobwezeretsanso yakwera pafupifupi 50 peresenti, malinga ndi a Jon Zamorano, mkulu wa zinyalala wa Big Bear.” Zinali zothandiza kwambiri,” iye anatero.
Ngati makampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi akagawira $100 miliyoni pa avareji pazaka khumi, ayenera kukhala atagawira $27 miliyoni pofika pano.
Ngakhale kampeniyo ikadzakwaniritsa cholinga chake chobwezeretsanso ndalama zokwana mapaundi 80 miliyoni a PET pachaka, izi zingowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zobwezeretsanso ku US ndi gawo limodzi.” Ngati akufunadi kubweza botolo lililonse, ikani ndalamazo. botolo lililonse,” anatero Judith Enck wa Beyond Plastics.
Koma makampani a zakumwa akupitirizabe kulimbana ndi ngongole zambiri za botolo, ngakhale kuti posachedwapa adanena kuti ndi zotseguka ku mayankho awa.Kuyambira kulankhula kwa Lugar zaka ziwiri ndi theka zapitazo, makampaniwa achedwetsa malingaliro m'mayiko kuphatikizapo Illinois, New York ndi Massachusetts. Chaka chotsatira, wolimbikitsa zamakampani ogulitsa zakumwa adalemba pakati pa opanga malamulo ku Rhode Island akuganizira zabilu yotereyi yomwe mabilu ambiri amabotolo "sangaganizidwe kuti ndi opambana malinga ndi momwe amawonongera chilengedwe."(Uku ndikutsutsa kokayikitsa, chifukwa mabotolo omwe ali ndi ndalama amabwezedwa kuwirikiza katatu kuposa omwe alibe ndalama.)
Mu chitsutso china chaka chatha, Massachusetts chakumwa makampani lobbyist anatsutsa pempho kuonjezera gawo la boma kuchokera 5 masenti (omwe sanasinthe kuyambira chiyambi chake zaka 40 zapitazo) kuti dime.Lobbyists anachenjeza kuti gawo lalikulu chotero angawononge chisokonezo. chifukwa maiko oyandikana nawo ali ndi madipoziti ochepa.Kusiyana kungalimbikitse makasitomala kuwoloka malire kuti agule zakumwa zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa "kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pa malonda" kwa ogulitsa mabotolo ku Massachusetts. polimbana ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi oyandikana nawo.)
Dermody of American Beverages imateteza kupita patsogolo kwa makampani. Polankhula za kampeni ya Every Bottle Back, iye anati, "Kudzipereka kwa $ 100 miliyoni ndi komwe timanyadira kwambiri."Ananenanso kuti adzipereka kale kumizinda ina ingapo yomwe sinalengezebe, chifukwa mapanganowa atha kutenga nthawi.“Nthawi zina umayenera kudumphadumpha m'mapulojekitiwa," adatero DeMaudie. Pophatikiza anthu omwe adalandira omwe sanatchulidwe, apanga ndalama zokwana $14.3 miliyoni mpaka projekiti 22 mpaka pano, adatero.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Dermody anafotokoza, makampani sangangothandizira dongosolo lililonse la deposit;ikufunika kupangidwa mwaluso komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.” Sitikutsutsa kulipiritsa chindapusa cha mabotolo ndi zitini zathu kuti tipeze ndalama zogwirira ntchito bwino,” adatero. aliyense akufuna kupeza chiwongola dzanja chachikulu kwambiri. "
Chitsanzo chotchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi Dermody ndi ena mu makampani ndi ndondomeko ya depositi ya Oregon, yomwe yasintha kwambiri kuyambira pamene idakhazikitsidwa zaka theka lapitalo pakati pa kutsutsidwa ndi makampani a zakumwa. imachirikiza njirayo—ndipo yapeza chiŵerengero chochira cha pafupifupi 90 peresenti, pafupi ndi zabwino koposa m’dzikolo.
Koma chifukwa chachikulu cha chiwongola dzanja chachikulu cha Oregon ndi gawo la pulogalamu ya 10-cent, yomwe imamangiriridwa ndi Michigan chifukwa chachikulu kwambiri mdzikolo.American Beverage sichinamvekenso kuthandizira malingaliro opanga ma 10-cent deposits kwina, kuphatikiza imodzi yotsatiridwa pambuyo pake. makina okonda makampani.
Mwachitsanzo, tenga, mwachitsanzo, bilu yabotolo ya boma yomwe ili mu Get Out of Plastic Act, yoperekedwa ndi Woimira California Alan Lowenthal ndi Senator wa Oregon Jeff Merkley. njira yosonkhanitsira.Pamene Dermody adanena kuti makampani opanga zakumwa akufikira opanga malamulo, sanagwirizane ndi izi.
Kwa ochepa obwezeretsa pulasitiki omwe amasandutsa mabotolo akale a PET kukhala atsopano, yankho ili ndilo yankho lodziwikiratu.rPlanet Earth David Duke adanena kuti gawo la 10-cent-per-botolo la dziko likhoza kuwirikiza katatu chiwerengero cha zotengera zomwe zakonzedwanso. pulasitiki idzalimbikitsa zomera zambiri zobwezeretsanso ndalama kuti ziperekedwe ndi kumangidwa.Mafakitalewa adzatulutsa mabotolo omwe amafunikira kwambiri opangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yokonzedwanso - kulola kuti zakumwa zoledzeretsa zichepetse mapazi awo a carbon.
"Sizovuta," atero a David Duke, akuyenda pansi pa malo obwezeretsanso zinthu kunja kwa Los Angeles." Muyenera kupatsa zotengera izi.