Pogwirizanitsa opanga zisankho ku netiweki yosinthika ya chidziwitso, anthu ndi malingaliro, Bloomberg imapereka chidziwitso cha bizinesi ndi zachuma, nkhani ndi chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi mwachangu komanso molondola.
Pogwirizanitsa opanga zisankho ku netiweki yosinthika ya chidziwitso, anthu ndi malingaliro, Bloomberg imapereka chidziwitso cha bizinesi ndi zachuma, nkhani ndi chidziwitso padziko lonse lapansi mwachangu komanso molondola.
PepsiCo ndi Coca-Cola alonjeza kuti sadzatulutsa mpweya woipa m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi, koma kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo, ayenera kuthana ndi vuto lomwe adathandizira kupanga: kuchuluka kochepa kwa kubwezeretsanso zinthu ku United States.
Pamene Coca-Cola, Pepsi ndi Keurig Dr Pepper anawerengera mpweya wawo wa carbon mu 2020, zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa: Makampani atatu akuluakulu a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi padziko lonse lapansi adatulutsa matani 121 miliyoni a mpweya wa endothermic mumlengalenga - zomwe zinachepetsa nyengo yonse ya Belgium.
Tsopano, makampani akuluakulu a soda akulonjeza kusintha kwambiri nyengo. Pepsi ndi Coca-Cola alonjeza kuti sadzatulutsa mpweya uliwonse m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, pomwe Dr Pepper walonjeza kuchepetsa kuipitsa nyengo ndi osachepera 15% pofika chaka cha 2030.
Koma kuti apite patsogolo kwambiri pa zolinga zawo zokhudzana ndi nyengo, makampani opanga zakumwa ayenera choyamba kuthana ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe adathandizira kupanga: kuchuluka kochepa kwa kubwezeretsanso zinthu ku United States.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kupanga mabotolo apulasitiki ambiri ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makampani opanga zakumwa azisintha kwambiri nyengo. Mapulasitiki ambiri ndi polyethylene terephthalate, kapena "PET," omwe zigawo zake zimachokera ku mafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe kenako zimadutsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri.
Chaka chilichonse, makampani opanga zakumwa aku America amapanga mabotolo apulasitiki pafupifupi 100 biliyoni kuti agulitse soda zawo, madzi, zakumwa zopatsa mphamvu ndi madzi akumwa. Padziko lonse lapansi, Kampani ya Coca-Cola yokha imapanga mabotolo apulasitiki 125 biliyoni chaka chatha—pafupifupi 4,000 pa sekondi imodzi. Kupanga ndi kutaya pulasitiki ngati chipale chofewa kumeneku kumaphatikizapo 30 peresenti ya mpweya wa carbon womwe Coca-Cola imapereka, kapena pafupifupi matani 15 miliyoni pachaka. Izi ndizofanana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nyengo kuchokera ku imodzi mwa malo opangira magetsi onyansa kwambiri omwe amayaka malasha.
Zimachititsanso kuti pakhale zinyalala zodabwitsa. Malinga ndi bungwe la National Association of PET Container Resources (NAPCOR), pofika chaka cha 2020, mabotolo a PET okwana 26.6% okha ku United States adzabwezerezedwanso, pomwe ena onse adzawotchedwa, kuyikidwa m'malo otayira zinyalala kapena kutayidwa ngati zinyalala. M'madera ena a dzikolo, zinthu zili zoipa kwambiri. Mu Miami-Dade County, chigawo chokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Florida, botolo limodzi lokha mwa mabotolo 100 apulasitiki ndi lomwe limabwezerezedwanso. Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa kubwezerezedwanso kwa zinthu ku US kwakhala pansi pa 30% kwa zaka zambiri 20 zapitazi, kuposerapo kwambiri mayiko ena ambiri monga Lithuania (90%), Sweden (86%) ndi Mexico (53%). "US ndiye dziko lowononga kwambiri," adatero Elizabeth Barkan, mkulu wa ntchito za ku North America ku Reloop Platform, bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe limalimbana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa ma CD.
Zotayika zonsezi ndi mwayi waukulu womwe ukusowa chifukwa cha nyengo. Mabotolo a soda apulasitiki akabwezeretsedwanso, amasanduka zinthu zatsopano zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makapeti, zovala, zotengera zosungiramo zakumwa, komanso mabotolo atsopano a soda. Malinga ndi kusanthula kwa kampani yopereka chithandizo cha zinyalala zolimba ya Franklin Associates, mabotolo a PET opangidwa ndi pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso amapanga 40 peresenti yokha ya mpweya woteteza kutentha womwe umapangidwa ndi mabotolo opangidwa ndi pulasitiki yoyambirira.
Poona mwayi wabwino woti achepetse mapazi awo, makampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi akulonjeza kugwiritsa ntchito ma PET obwezerezedwanso m'mabotolo awo. Coca-Cola, Dr Pepper ndi Pepsi adzipereka kupeza kotala la ma phukusi awo apulasitiki kuchokera ku zinthu zobwezerezedwanso pofika chaka cha 2025, ndipo Coca-Cola ndi Pepsi alonjeza kupeza 50 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2030. (Masiku ano, Coca-Cola ili ndi 13.6%, Keurig Dr Pepper Inc. ili ndi 11% ndipo PepsiCo ili ndi 6%.)
Koma mbiri yoipa ya dzikolo yobwezeretsanso zinthu ikutanthauza kuti palibe mabotolo okwanira omwe apezeka kuti makampani opanga zakumwa akwaniritse zolinga zawo. NAPCOR ikuyerekeza kuti chiŵerengero cha kubwezeretsanso zinthu chomwe chakhala chikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ku US chiyenera kuwirikiza kawiri pofika chaka cha 2025 ndikuwirikiza kawiri pofika chaka cha 2030 kuti chipereke zinthu zokwanira zogwirira ntchito zamakampani. "Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa mabotolo," adatero Alexandra Tennant, katswiri wofufuza za kubwezeretsanso zinthu zapulasitiki ku Wood Mackenzie Ltd.
Koma makampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi okha ndiwo omwe amachititsa kusowa kwa zinthuzi. Makampaniwa akhala akulimbana kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri pankhani yokhudza malingaliro owonjezera kubwezeretsanso zinthu m'mabotolo. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira mu 1971, mayiko 10 akhazikitsa zomwe zimatchedwa ma bill a mabotolo omwe amawonjezera ndalama zokwana 5-cent kapena 10-cent ku mabotolo a zakumwa. Makasitomala amalipira ndalama zowonjezera pasadakhale ndikubweza ndalama zawo akabweza botolo. Kuyika mtengo m'mabotolo opanda kanthu kumabweretsa mitengo yokwera yobwezeretsanso zinthu: Malinga ndi bungwe lopanda phindu la Container Recycling Institute, mabotolo a PET amabwezeretsedwanso ndi 57 peresenti m'mabotolo amodzi ndi 17 peresenti m'mabotolo ena.
Ngakhale kuti zikuoneka kuti zikuyenda bwino, makampani opanga zakumwa akhala akugwirizana ndi mafakitale ena, monga masitolo ogulitsa zakudya ndi ogulitsa zinyalala, kwa zaka zambiri kuti athetse malingaliro ofanana m'maboma ena ambiri, ponena kuti njira zosungira ndalama ndi njira yosagwira ntchito, ndipo ndi msonkho wosalungama womwe umalepheretsa kugulitsa zinthu zake ndikuvulaza chuma. Kuyambira pomwe Hawaii idapereka lamulo lake loyika mabotolo mu 2002, palibe lingaliro la boma lomwe lapulumuka chitsutso chotere. "Zimawapatsa udindo watsopano womwe apewa m'maboma ena 40 awa," adatero Judith Enck, purezidenti wa Beyond Plastics komanso woyang'anira wakale wa US Environmental Protection Agency. "Sakufuna ndalama zowonjezera."
Coca-Cola, Pepsi ndi Dr. Pepper onse adalemba mayankho kuti akufunitsitsa kupanga njira zatsopano zopangira mapaketi kuti achepetse zinyalala ndikubwezeretsanso ziwiya zambiri. Ngakhale akuluakulu amakampani akuvomereza kuti akhala akutsutsa lamulo loyika mabotolo kwa zaka zambiri, akunena kuti asintha njira ndipo ali otseguka ku mayankho onse omwe angatheke kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo. "Tikugwira ntchito ndi ogwirizana nawo zachilengedwe ndi opanga malamulo mdziko lonse omwe amavomereza kuti momwe zinthu zilili pano sizovomerezeka ndipo tingachite bwino," adatero William DeMaudie, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa nkhani za anthu ku American Beverage Industry Group, m'mawu olembedwa a Say.
Komabe, opanga malamulo ambiri omwe akugwira ntchito yothetsa vuto lomwe likukula la zinyalala za pulasitiki akukumanabe ndi kutsutsidwa ndi makampani opanga zakumwa. "Zimene amanena ndi zomwe amanena," adatero Sarah Love, woimira Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Maryland. Posachedwapa adakhazikitsa lamulo lolimbikitsa kubwezeretsanso zinthu mwa kuwonjezera ndalama zokwana masenti 10 m'mabotolo a zakumwa." Anali otsutsa, sanafune. M'malo mwake, adalonjeza kuti palibe amene angawaimbe mlandu."
Pafupifupi kotala la mabotolo apulasitiki omwe amabwezeretsedwanso ku US, opakidwa m'mabasi omangidwa bwino, lililonse kukula ngati galimoto yaying'ono, ndikutumizidwa ku fakitale ku Vernon, California, ndi losasangalatsa. Malo okhala mafakitale ali kutali ndi nyumba zazikulu zokongola za mumzinda wa Los Angeles.
Pano, m'nyumba yaikulu yokhala ndi mapanga ofanana ndi hangar ya ndege, rPlanet Earth imalandira mabotolo ogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi 2 biliyoni a PET chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso zinthu m'boma lonselo. Pakati pa phokoso lalikulu la injini zamafakitale, mabotolo ankagwedezeka pamene ankagubuduzika mtunda wa makilomita atatu pa ma conveyor lamba ndikuyenda m'mafakitale, komwe ankasankhidwa, kudulidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kusungunuka. Patatha maola pafupifupi 20, pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso inabwera ngati makapu atsopano, zotengera zosungira, kapena "zotengera zokonzedweratu," zotengera zazikulu za chubu choyesera zomwe pambuyo pake zinaphulitsidwa m'mabotolo apulasitiki.
M'chipinda chochitira misonkhano chokhala ndi kapeti chomwe chikuyang'ana pansi lalikulu komanso lopanda zinthu zambiri pafakitaleyi, CEO wa rPlanet Earth, Bob Daviduk, adati kampaniyo ikugulitsa zinthu zake zoyambira ku makampani opanga mabotolo, zomwe makampaniwa amagwiritsa ntchito popakira zakumwa zazikulu. Koma anakana kutchula makasitomala enaake, ponena kuti ndi nkhani zachinsinsi zamabizinesi.
Kuyambira pomwe fakitaleyi idakhazikitsidwa mu 2019, David Duke wakhala akukambirana za cholinga chake chomanga malo ena atatu obwezeretsanso pulasitiki kwina ku United States. Koma fakitale iliyonse imadula pafupifupi $200 miliyoni, ndipo rPlanet Earth sinasankhebe malo oti ikayikemo fakitale yake yotsatira. Vuto lalikulu ndilakuti kusowa kwa mabotolo apulasitiki obwezeretsanso kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza zinthu zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo. "Ndicho chopinga chachikulu," adatero. "Tikufuna zipangizo zambiri."
Malonjezo a makampani opanga zakumwa angalephere asanamangidwe mafakitale ena ambiri. "Tili pamavuto akulu," adatero Omar Abuaita, mkulu wa Evergreen Recycling, yomwe imayang'anira mafakitale anayi ku North America ndipo imasintha mabotolo ogwiritsidwa ntchito a PET okwana 11 biliyoni chaka chilichonse kukhala utomoni wapulasitiki wobwezerezedwanso, womwe ambiri mwa iwo amathera m'botolo latsopano. "Mumapeza kuti zinthu zopangira zomwe mukufuna?"
Mabotolo a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi si vuto lalikulu la nyengo lomwe lilipoli masiku ano. Zaka zana zapitazo, ogulitsa mabotolo a Coca-Cola ndiwo anayamba njira yoyamba yosungiramo ndalama, polipira senti imodzi kapena ziwiri pa botolo lililonse la galasi. Makasitomala amabwezedwa ndalama zawo akabweza botolo kusitolo.
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, kuchuluka kwa mabotolo a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi ku United States kunali kokwera kufika pa 96%. Malinga ndi buku la The Ohio State University lotchedwa Citizen Coke, la wolemba mbiri ya zachilengedwe Bartow J. Elmore, chiwerengero cha maulendo obwerera ndi kubwerera a botolo la galasi la Coca-Cola kuchokera kwa wogulitsa botolo kupita kwa wogula wina kupita kwa wogula m'zaka khumi zimenezo chinali nthawi 22.
Pamene Coca-Cola ndi opanga zakumwa zina zoziziritsa kukhosi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zitini zachitsulo ndi aluminiyamu m'zaka za m'ma 1960—ndipo, pambuyo pake, mabotolo apulasitiki, omwe ali ponseponse masiku ano—vuto la zinyalala linayambitsa mkwiyo. Kwa zaka zambiri, olimbikitsa anthu akhala akulimbikitsa ogula kuti atumize zidebe zawo zopanda kanthu za soda kwa wapampando wa Coca-Cola ndi uthenga wakuti “Bweretsani ndipo mugwiritsenso ntchito!”
Makampani opanga zakumwa adalimbana ndi buku losewera lomwe lidzakhala lawo kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi. M'malo motenga udindo pa zinyalala zambiri zomwe zimadza chifukwa chosamukira ku zidebe zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, agwira ntchito molimbika kuti apange lingaliro lakuti ndi udindo wa anthu onse. Mwachitsanzo, Coca-Cola idayambitsa kampeni yotsatsa malonda kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 yomwe idawonetsa mtsikana wokongola akuwerama kuti anyamule zinyalala. "Werama pang'ono," idalimbikitsa chikwangwani china cholembedwa molimba mtima. "Sungani America kukhala yobiriwira komanso yoyera."
Makampaniwa aphatikiza uthenga umenewo ndi kutsutsa lamuloli poyesa kuthetsa chisokonezo chomwe chikukulirakulira. Mu 1970, ovota ku boma la Washington anatsala pang'ono kupereka lamulo loletsa mabotolo osabwezedwa, koma anataya mavoti awo chifukwa cha otsutsa ochokera kwa opanga zakumwa. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Oregon inakhazikitsa lamulo loyamba la mabotolo mdzikolo, ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosungira mabotolo a 5 cent, ndipo loya wamkulu wa boma adadabwa ndi chisokonezo cha ndale: "Sindinawonepo anthu ambiri okonda zinthu zotsutsana ndi kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kuchokera kwa munthu m'modzi. Mabilu," adatero.
Mu 1990, Coca-Cola idalengeza lonjezo loyamba mwa ambiri omwe kampani ya zakumwa idalonjeza kuti iwonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso m'mabotolo ake, pakati pa nkhawa zomwe zikukulirakulira za kutaya zinyalala m'malo otayira zinyalala. Yalumbira kugulitsa mabotolo opangidwa ndi 25 peresenti ya zinthu zobwezerezedwanso - ndalama zomwezo zomwe yalonjeza lero, ndipo kampani ya zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi tsopano ikunena kuti idzafika pacholinga chimenecho pofika chaka cha 2025, patatha zaka pafupifupi 35 kuchokera pamene Coca-Cola idalonjeza poyamba.
Kampani ya zakumwa yakhala ikupereka malonjezo atsopano osakwaniritsidwa zaka zingapo zilizonse Coca-Cola italephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zake zoyambirira, ponena za mtengo wokwera wa pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso. Coca-Cola inalonjeza mu 2007 kuti idzabwezeretsanso kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito mabotolo ake a PET 100 peresenti ku US, pomwe PepsiCo inanena mu 2010 kuti idzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mabotolo a zakumwa ku US kufika pa 50 peresenti pofika chaka cha 2018. Zolinga zake zatsimikizira omenyera ufulu wa anthu ndipo zapeza nkhani zabwino kwa atolankhani, koma malinga ndi NAPCOR, kuchuluka kwa mabotolo a PET sikunatsike kwenikweni, kukwera pang'ono kuchokera pa 24.6% mu 2007 kufika pa 29.1% mu 2010 kufika pa 26.6% mu 2020. "Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe amachita bwino pakubwezeretsanso ndi nkhani zofalitsa nkhani," adatero Susan Collins, mkulu wa Container Recycling Institute.
Akuluakulu a Coca-Cola adanena m'mawu olembedwa kuti cholakwika chawo choyamba "chimatipatsa mwayi wophunzira" ndipo ali ndi chidaliro chokwaniritsa zolinga zamtsogolo. Gulu lawo logula zinthu tsopano likuchita "msonkhano wapamsewu" kuti liwunikenso kupezeka kwa PET yobwezeretsedwanso padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe akunena kuti ziwathandiza kumvetsetsa zoletsa ndikupanga dongosolo. PepsiCo sinayankhe mafunso okhudza malonjezo ake omwe sanakwaniritsidwe kale, koma akuluakulu adati m'mawu olembedwa kuti "ipitiliza kuyendetsa zatsopano pakulongedza ndi kulimbikitsa mfundo zanzeru zomwe zimayambitsa kuzungulira ndikuchepetsa kuwononga."
Chipolowe chomwe chatenga zaka makumi ambiri mumakampani opanga zakumwa chikuwoneka kuti chakonzeka kutha mu 2019. Pamene makampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi akukonzekera zolinga zazikulu zokhudzana ndi nyengo, n'zosatheka kunyalanyaza utsi wochokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pulasitiki yopanda kanthu. Mu lipoti lake ku The New York Times chaka chimenecho, American Beverages inanena koyamba kuti ikhoza kukhala yokonzeka kuthandizira mfundo yoyika ndalama m'mabotolo.
Patapita miyezi ingapo, Katherine Lugar, CEO wa American Beverages, adalankhula molimba mtima pamsonkhano wa makampani opanga ma CD, akulengeza kuti makampaniwa akusiya njira yawo yolimbana ndi malamulo otere. "Mudzamva mawu osiyana kwambiri kuchokera kumakampani athu," adalumbira. Ngakhale kuti kale adatsutsa mabilu odzaza mabotolo, adafotokoza kuti, "simudzatimva 'ayi' tsopano." Makampani opanga zakumwa akhazikitsa 'zolinga zolimba' kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ayenera kubwezeretsanso mabotolo ambiri. "Chilichonse chiyenera kukhala patebulo," adatero.
Ngati kuti akugogomezera njira yatsopanoyi, akuluakulu a Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Dr. Pepper ndi American Beverage anasonkhana pamodzi pa siteji yomangidwa ndi mbendera ya ku America mu Okutobala 2019. Kumeneko adalengeza "ntchito yatsopano" yotchedwa "Botolo Lililonse". Makampaniwa adalonjeza $100 miliyoni m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi kuti akonze njira zobwezeretsanso zinthu m'madera osiyanasiyana ku US. Ndalamazo zidzagwirizana ndi ndalama zina zokwana $300 miliyoni kuchokera kwa osunga ndalama akunja ndi ndalama zomwe boma limapereka. Thandizo la "pafupifupi theka la biliyoni" la USD" ili lidzawonjezera kubwezeretsanso zinthu za PET ndi mapaundi 80 miliyoni pachaka ndikuthandizira makampaniwa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yopanda kanthu.
American Beverage yatulutsa chilengezo cha pa TV chomwe chili ndi antchito atatu amphamvu ovala yunifolomu ya Coca-Cola, Pepsi ndi Dr. Pepper ataima paki yobiriwira yozunguliridwa ndi ma fern ndi maluwa. "Mabotolo athu amapangidwira kukonzanso," adatero wantchito wa Pepsi yemwe anali wokondwa, ndikuwonjezera kuti chilankhulo chake chimakumbukira uthenga wakale wa udindo wamakampani kwa makasitomala: "Chonde tithandizeni kubweza botolo lililonse." Chilengezo cha masekondi 30, chomwe chinachitika Super Bowl isanachitike chaka chatha, chawonekera nthawi 1,500 pa wailesi yakanema ya dziko lonse ndipo chawononga pafupifupi $5 miliyoni, malinga ndi iSpot.tv, kampani yoyezera zotsatsa pa TV.
Ngakhale kuti mawu osintha m'makampaniwa akusintha, palibe chomwe chachitika kuti chiwonjezere kwambiri kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso. Mwachitsanzo, makampaniwa apereka ndalama zokwana $7.9 miliyoni zokha mu ngongole ndi ndalama zothandizira mpaka pano, malinga ndi kusanthula kwa Bloomberg Green komwe kunaphatikizapo kuyankhulana ndi ambiri omwe alandira.
Ndithudi, ambiri mwa olandira awa ali ndi chidwi ndi ndalamazi. Kampeniyi idapereka ndalama zokwana $166,000 ku Big Bear, California, makilomita 160 kum'mawa kwa Los Angeles, zomwe zidathandiza kuti ipereke gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a ndalama zosinthira nyumba 12,000 kukhala magalimoto akuluakulu obwezeretsanso. Pakati pa mabanja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngolo zazikuluzikuluzi, mitengo yobwezeretsanso zinthu yakwera pafupifupi 50 peresenti, malinga ndi Jon Zamorano, mkulu wa zinyalala zolimba ku Big Bear. "Zinali zothandiza kwambiri," adatero.
Ngati makampani opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi akanagawira $100 miliyoni pa avareji pazaka khumi, akanayenera kugawa $27 miliyoni pofika pano. M'malo mwake, $7.9 miliyoni ndi ofanana ndi phindu lonse la makampani atatu opanga zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi kwa maola atatu.
Ngakhale kampeniyo ikafika pomaliza cholinga chake chobwezeretsanso mapaundi ena 80 miliyoni a PET pachaka, izi zidzangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa zinthu ku US ndi mfundo yoposa imodzi peresenti. "Ngati akufunadi kubweza botolo lililonse, ikani ndalama pa botolo lililonse," adatero Judith Enck wa Beyond Plastics.
Koma makampani opanga zakumwa akupitilizabe kulimbana ndi mabilu ambiri a mabotolo, ngakhale kuti posachedwapa anena kuti ali otseguka ku mayankho awa. Kuyambira pomwe Lugar adalankhula zaka ziwiri ndi theka zapitazo, makampaniwa adachedwetsa malingaliro m'maboma kuphatikiza Illinois, New York ndi Massachusetts. Chaka chatha, katswiri wolimbikitsa makampani opanga zakumwa adalemba pakati pa opanga malamulo ku Rhode Island akuganizira za bilu yoti mabilu ambiri oikamo mabotolo "sangaganizidwe kuti ndi opambana malinga ndi momwe amakhudzira chilengedwe." (Ichi ndi chitsutso chokayikitsa, chifukwa mabotolo okhala ndi ndalama zoikidwiratu amabwezedwa nthawi zoposa katatu kuposa omwe alibe ndalama zoikidwiratu.)
Mu kutsutsa kwina chaka chatha, katswiri wolimbikitsa makampani opanga zakumwa ku Massachusetts adatsutsa lingaliro loti ndalama zomwe boma lidayika kuchokera pa masenti 5 (zomwe sizinasinthe kuyambira pomwe lidakhazikitsidwa zaka 40 zapitazo) zikhale ndalama imodzi. Akatswiri olimbikitsa malonda achenjeza kuti ndalama zambiri zotere zingabweretse mavuto chifukwa mayiko oyandikana nawo ali ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe adayika. Kusiyana kumeneku kungalimbikitse makasitomala kudutsa malire kuti akagule zakumwa zawo, zomwe zikuyambitsa "kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pa malonda" kwa ogulitsa mabotolo ku Massachusetts. (Izi sizikutanthauza kuti makampani opanga zakumwa athandiza kupanga kusiyana kumeneku polimbana ndi malingaliro ofanana ndi a anansi awa.)
Dermody of American Beverages ikuteteza kupita patsogolo kwa makampani. Polankhula za kampeni ya Every Bottle Back, iye anati, "Kudzipereka kwa $100 miliyoni ndi komwe timanyadira nako kwambiri." Iye anawonjezera kuti adzipereka kale ku mizinda ina ingapo yomwe sinalengezebe, chifukwa mapangano amenewo angatenge nthawi kuti amalizidwe. "Nthawi zina mumayenera kudutsa m'mapulojekiti ambiri," adatero DeMaudie. Akaphatikiza olandira omwe sanalengezedwe, apereka ndalama zokwana $14.3 miliyoni ku mapulojekiti 22 mpaka pano, iye anatero.
Nthawi yomweyo, Dermody anafotokoza kuti makampaniwa sadzangothandiza njira iliyonse yosungira ndalama; ayenera kukhala okonzedwa bwino komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. "Sitikutsutsa kulipiritsa ndalama za mabotolo ndi zitini zathu kuti tipeze njira yogwirira ntchito bwino," adatero. "Koma ndalamazo ziyenera kupita ku njira yomwe imagwira ntchito momwe aliyense akufunira kuti apeze ndalama zambiri."
Chitsanzo chomwe Dermody ndi ena mumakampaniwa amatchula nthawi zambiri ndi pulogalamu ya Oregon yosungitsa ndalama, yomwe yasintha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa zaka makumi asanu zapitazo chifukwa cha kutsutsidwa ndi makampani opanga zakumwa. Pulogalamuyi tsopano ikuthandizidwa ndi makampani ogulitsa zakumwa—American Beverage imati ikuchirikiza njira imeneyi—ndipo yapeza chiwongola dzanja chobwezeretsa pafupifupi 90 peresenti, pafupifupi zabwino kwambiri mdziko muno.
Koma chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti Oregon ibwezeretse ndalama zambiri ndi ndalama zomwe pulogalamuyo yaika pa 10 cent, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Michigan pa 10 cents yaikulu kwambiri mdziko muno. American Beverage sinanenebe kuti ikuthandizira malingaliro opanga ma 10 cents kwina kulikonse, kuphatikizapo imodzi yopangidwa motsatira njira yomwe makampani amakonda.
Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za lamulo la boma loika mabotolo m'mabotolo lomwe lili mu lamulo la Get Out of Plastic Act, lomwe linaperekedwa ndi Woimira California Alan Lowenthal ndi Senator wa Oregon Jeff Merkley. Lamuloli likutsatira monyadira chitsanzo cha Oregon, kuphatikizapo ndalama zokwana masenti 10 za mabotolo pomwe mabizinesi achinsinsi amayendetsa njira yosonkhanitsira. Ngakhale Dermody adati makampani opanga zakumwa akufikira opanga malamulo, sanagwirizane ndi lamuloli.
Kwa obwezeretsanso pulasitiki ochepa omwe amasintha mabotolo akale a PET kukhala atsopano, yankho ili ndi yankho lodziwikiratu. David Duke wa rPlanet Earth adati ndalama zomwe dzikolo limapereka ku mabotolo a 10 peresenti pa botolo lililonse zitha kuwirikiza katatu kuchuluka kwa ziwiya zomwe zabwezeretsedwanso. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso kudzalimbikitsa mafakitale ambiri obwezeretsanso kuti apeze ndalama zolipirira ndikumanga. Mafakitale awa adzapanga mabotolo ofunikira kwambiri opangidwa ndi pulasitiki yobwezeretsedwanso - zomwe zimalola makampani akuluakulu a zakumwa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umawononga.
"Sizovuta," anatero David Duke, akutuluka pansi pa malo akuluakulu obwezeretsanso zinthu kunja kwa Los Angeles. "Muyenera kupereka mtengo wa makontena awa."