Waukulu mankhwala zikuchokera mikanda akuyandama ndi okusayidi wa pakachitsulo ndi zotayidwa, zimene zili pakachitsulo woipa ndi za 50-65%, ndi zili zotayidwa okusayidi ndi za 25-35%.Chifukwa malo osungunuka a silika ndi okwera kwambiri mpaka 1725 ℃ ndipo alumina ndi 2050 ℃, zonsezi ndi zida zapamwamba zokanira.Chifukwa chake, mikanda yoyandama imakhala ndi refractoriness kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mpaka 1600-1700 ℃, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ochita bwino kwambiri.Kulemera kopepuka, kutchinjiriza kwamafuta.Khoma loyandama la mkanda ndi lopyapyala komanso lopanda kanthu, pabowo ndi mpweya wocheperako, mpweya wochepa kwambiri (N2, H2 ndi CO2, etc.), ndipo kuwongolera kutentha kumakhala kocheperako komanso kochepa kwambiri.Choncho, mikanda yoyandama si yopepuka kulemera kwake (kulemera kwa voliyumu 250-450 kg / m3), komanso yabwino kwambiri pakutchinjiriza kwamafuta (kutentha kwamafuta 0.08-0.1 kutentha kwapakati), komwe kumayala maziko kuti agwire ntchito yofunika kwambiri. m'munda wa kuwala matenthedwe zipangizo kutchinjiriza.

Kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu.Chifukwa mkanda woyandama ndi galasi lolimba la galasi lopangidwa ndi silica alumina mineral phase (quartz ndi mullite), kuuma kwake kumatha kufika ku Mohs 6-7, mphamvu ya static pressure imatha kufika 70-140mpa, ndipo mphamvu yake yeniyeni ndi 2.10-2.20g / cm3 , yomwe ili yofanana ndi thanthwe.Choncho, mikanda yoyandama imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zopepuka za porous kapena dzenje monga perlite, thanthwe lowira, diatomite, sepiolite ndi vermiculite yokulitsidwa imakhala ndi kuuma komanso mphamvu.Zinthu zotchinjiriza zotenthetsera kapena zowumitsa zopepuka zopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo zimakhala ndi vuto la kuchepa mphamvu.Zofooka zawo ndi mphamvu chabe za mikanda yoyandama, kotero mikanda yoyandama imakhala ndi ubwino wampikisano komanso ntchito zambiri.Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuli bwino ndipo malo enieni ndi aakulu.Kukula kwachilengedwe kwa mikanda yoyandama ndi 1-250 μ M. Malo enieni ndi 300-360cm2 / g, ofanana ndi simenti.Choncho, mikanda yoyandama ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji popanda kugaya.

Fineness akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika za mankhwala osiyanasiyana, ena opepuka matenthedwe kutchinjiriza zipangizo zambiri lalikulu tinthu kukula (monga perlite, etc.), ngati akupera kwambiri kuonjezera mphamvu, kuti kutchinjiriza matenthedwe kwambiri yafupika.Pachifukwa ichi, mikanda yoyandama ili ndi ubwino wake.Kusungunula kwabwino kwamagetsi.Mikanda yoyandama ndi zida zabwino zotetezera komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, kukana kwa insulator kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, koma kukana kwa mikanda yoyandama kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha.Ubwinowu sukhala ndi zida zina zotetezera.Chifukwa chake, imatha kupanga zinthu zotchinjiriza pansi pa kutentha kwambiri.