Diatomite ndi mtundu wa mwala wa siliceous, womwe umafalikira kwambiri ku China, United States, Japan, Denmark, France, Romania ndi mayiko ena. Ndi mwala wa siliceous sedimentary wa biogenic, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi zotsalira za ma diatoms akale. Kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala makamaka ndi SiO2, komwe kungatchulidwe ngati SiO2 · nH2O, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka mchere ndi opal ndi mitundu yake. Ma diatomite osungidwa ku China ndi matani 320 miliyoni, ndipo malo osungira omwe angakhalepo ndi matani opitilira 2 biliyoni.

Kuchuluka kwa diatomite ndi 1.9-2.3g/cm3, kuchuluka kwa machubu ndi 0.34-0.65g/cm3, malo enieni a pamwamba ndi 40-65 ㎡/g, ndipo kuchuluka kwa machubu ndi 0.45-0.98m³/g. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachulukira kawiri mpaka kanayi kuposa kuchuluka kwake, ndipo malo osungunuka ndi 1650C-1750 ℃. Kapangidwe kake ka machubu kapadera kamapezeka pansi pa maikulosikopu ya elekitironi.

Diatomite imapangidwa ndi SiO2 yopanda mawonekedwe ndipo imakhala ndi Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Al2O3 ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Diatomite nthawi zambiri imakhala yachikasu chopepuka kapena imvi yopepuka, yofewa, yokhala ndi mabowo komanso yopepuka. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ngati zinthu zotetezera kutentha, fyuluta, zodzaza, zinthu zokwawa, magalasi amadzi, chothandizira kuchotsa utoto, chothandizira fyuluta ya diatomite, chonyamulira chothandizira, ndi zina zotero. Gawo lalikulu la diatomite yachilengedwe ndi SiO2. Diatomite yapamwamba kwambiri ndi yoyera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa SiO2 nthawi zambiri kumaposa 70%. Ma diatom a monomer ndi opanda mtundu komanso owonekera. Mtundu wa diatomite umadalira mchere wadongo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe ka diatomite kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamchere ndi kosiyana.

Diatomite ndi mtundu wa dothi losonkhanitsidwa ndi zinthu zakale zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya chomera chokhala ndi selo limodzi chotchedwa diatom patatha zaka pafupifupi 10000 mpaka 20000. Diatom ndi imodzi mwa ma protozoa oyambirira padziko lapansi, yomwe imapezeka m'madzi a m'nyanja kapena m'madzi a m'nyanja.

Diatomite iyi imapangidwa ndi kuyika zotsalira za diatom ya zomera zam'madzi zokhala ndi selo limodzi. Ntchito yapadera ya diatom iyi ndi yakuti imatha kuyamwa silicon yaulere m'madzi kuti ipange mafupa ake. Moyo wake ukatha, imayika ndikupanga ma diatomite pansi pa mikhalidwe ina ya geological. Ili ndi zinthu zina zapadera, monga porosity, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka, malo akuluakulu apadera, kusasinthasintha komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala. Pambuyo posintha kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa nthaka yosaphika kudzera mu kupukusa, kusanja, kusakaniza, kugawa mpweya, kuchotsa zodetsa ndi njira zina zopangira, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale monga zowonjezera utoto.