Mkanda woyenda pansi ndi mtundu wa mpira wopanda kanthu womwe umatha kuyandama pamwamba pa madzi. Ndi woyera imvi, wokhala ndi makoma owonda komanso opanda kanthu, komanso wolemera kwambiri. Kulemera kwa unit ndi 720kg/m3 (wolemera), 418.8kg/m3 (wopepuka), ndipo kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi pafupifupi 0.1mm. Pamwamba pake ndi potsekedwa komanso posalala, ndi kutentha kochepa komanso kukana moto kwa ≥ 1610 ℃. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosunga kutentha chomwe chimachepetsa kutentha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zopepuka zotayidwa komanso kuboola mafuta. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka mkanda woyandama makamaka ndi silicon dioxide ndi aluminium oxide. Uli ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono, topanda kanthu, topepuka, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kutentha, kukana kutentha, kukana kukana moto komanso kukana moto. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani olimbana ndi moto.

Mkanda woyenda pansi ndi mtundu wa mpira wopanda kanthu womwe umatha kuyandama pamwamba pa madzi. Ndi woyera imvi, wokhala ndi makoma owonda komanso opanda kanthu, komanso wolemera kwambiri. Kulemera kwa unit ndi 720kg/m3 (wolemera), 418.8kg/m3 (wopepuka), ndipo kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi pafupifupi 0.1mm. Pamwamba pake ndi potsekedwa komanso posalala, ndi kutentha kochepa komanso kukana moto kwa ≥ 1610 ℃. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chosunga kutentha chomwe chimachepetsa kutentha, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zopepuka zotayidwa komanso kuboola mafuta. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka mkanda woyandama makamaka ndi silicon dioxide ndi aluminium oxide. Uli ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono, topanda kanthu, topepuka, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kuvala, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kutentha, kukana kutentha, kukana kukana moto komanso kukana moto. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani olimbana ndi moto.

Kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mikanda yoyandama

Kukana moto kwambiri. Zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala a mikanda yoyandama ndi ma oxide a silicon ndi aluminiyamu, pomwe silicon dioxide imakhala pafupifupi 50-65% ndipo aluminiyamu trioxide imakhala pafupifupi 25-35%. Chifukwa malo osungunuka a silicon dioxide ndi okwera kufika madigiri 1725 Celsius, ndipo malo osungunuka a aluminiyamu oxide ndi madigiri 2050 Celsius, onsewa ndi zinthu zotsutsa moto kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mikanda yoyandama imakhala ndi kukana moto kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imafika madigiri 1600-1700 Celsius, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale zinthu zabwino kwambiri zotsutsa moto. Yopepuka, yoteteza moto komanso yoteteza moto. Khoma la mikanda yoyandama ndi lopyapyala komanso lopanda kanthu, lokhala ndi vacuum mkati mwa dzenjelo komanso mpweya wochepa kwambiri (N2, H2, CO2, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuyende pang'onopang'ono komanso kochepa. Kotero mikanda yoyandama si yopepuka kokha (yolemera makilogalamu 250-450/m3), komanso ili ndi kutchinjiriza kwabwino kwambiri komanso kutchinjiriza kutentha (yokhala ndi kutentha kwa 0.08-0.1 kutentha kwa chipinda), zomwe zimayika maziko a kuthekera kwawo kwakukulu pantchito yopangira zinthu zotchinjiriza zopepuka. Kulimba kwambiri ndi mphamvu. Popeza mkanda woyandama ndi galasi lolimba lopangidwa ndi silicon aluminium Oxide mineral phase (quartz ndi mullite), kuuma kwake kumatha kufika Mohs 6-7, mphamvu yolimba imatha kufika 70-140MPa, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kwenikweni ndi 2.10-2.20g/cm3, komwe kuli kofanana ndi kwa miyala. Chifukwa chake, mikanda yoyandama imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zopepuka kapena zopanda kanthu monga Perlite, miyala yowira, diatomite, pumice, vermiculite yotambasuka, ndi zina zotero zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba. Zinthu zotchinjiriza kutentha kapena zinthu zopepuka zopanga zimakhala ndi vuto la mphamvu yochepa. Kufooka kwawo ndi mphamvu ya mikanda yoyandama, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wopikisana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso malo akuluakulu a pamwamba. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mikanda yoyandama kumayambira pa 1 mpaka 250 microns. Malo enieni a pamwamba ndi 300-360cm2/g, omwe ndi ofanana ndi simenti. Chifukwa chake, mikanda yoyandama siifunikira kupukutidwa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji. Kusalala kwake kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zipangizo zina zopepuka zotetezera kutentha nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono (monga Perlite). Ngati zipukutidwa, mphamvu yake idzawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo kutetezera kutentha kudzachepa kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mikanda yoyandama ili ndi ubwino. Kuteteza kwabwino kwambiri kwamagetsi. Mkanda woyandama mutasankha mkanda wa maginito ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotetezera chomwe sichimayendetsa magetsi. Kukana kwa zotetezera kutentha kumachepa ndi kutentha kokwera, pomwe kukana kwa mikanda yoyandama kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha kokwera. Ubwino uwu suli ndi zipangizo zina zotetezera kutentha. Chifukwa chake, ungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zotetezera kutentha pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu.