Kaolin ndi mchere sanali zitsulo, amene ndi mtundu wa dongo ndi dongo thanthwe makamaka wopangidwa ndi kaolinite gulu dongo mchere.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyera komanso osalimba, amadziwikanso kuti dothi la Baiyun.Amatchedwa mudzi wa Gaoling ku Jingdezhen, m'chigawo cha Jiangxi.

Kaolin yake yoyera ndi yoyera, yofewa komanso yofewa, yokhala ndi thupi labwino komanso mankhwala monga pulasitiki ndi kukana moto.Mapangidwe ake amchere amapangidwa makamaka ndi kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, komanso mchere monga quartz ndi feldspar.Kaolin ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ntchito papermaking, ziwiya zadothi, ndi zipangizo refractory, kutsatiridwa ndi zokutira, mphira fillers, enamel glazes, ndi zoyera simenti zopangira.Pazochepa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulasitiki, utoto, inki, mawilo akupera, mapensulo, zodzoladzola za tsiku ndi tsiku, sopo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala, nsalu, mafuta, mankhwala, zomangira, chitetezo cha dziko ndi mafakitale ena.

Makhalidwe a ndondomeko
Kupinda Koyera Kuwala

Kuyera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zaukadaulo wa kaolin, ndipo kaolin yoyera kwambiri ndi yoyera.Kuyera kwa kaolin kumagawidwa kukhala kuyera kwachilengedwe ndi kuyera kwa calcined.Kwa zida za ceramic, kuyera pambuyo pa calcination ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kukwezeka kwa calcined kumapangitsanso kukhala bwino.Dongosolo la ceramic limafotokoza kuti kuyanika pa 105 ℃ ndiye muyeso wa kuyera kwachilengedwe, ndipo calcining pa 1300 ℃ ndiye muyeso wa kuyera koyera.Kuyera kungayesedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mita yoyera.Meta yoyera imayesa kuwala kwa 3800-7000Å A chipangizo choyezera kunyezimira kwa kuwala pa utali wa mafunde a (ie, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers).Mu mita yoyera, chiwonetsero cha chitsanzo choyezetsa chikufaniziridwa ndi chitsanzo (monga BaSO4, MgO, etc.), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyera (monga kuyera kwa 90, komwe kuli kofanana ndi 90% ya chiwonetsero cha sampuli yokhazikika).

Kuwala ndi chinthu chofanana ndi kuyera, chofanana ndi 4570Å Kuyera pansi (angstrom) wavelength kuwala kuwala.

Mtundu wa kaolin umagwirizana kwambiri ndi zitsulo zachitsulo kapena zinthu zomwe zili nazo.Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi Fe2O3, imawoneka yofiira ndi yofiirira;Yokhala ndi Fe2+, imawoneka yobiriwira yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira;Ili ndi MnO2, imawoneka yofiirira;Ngati ili ndi organic kanthu, imawoneka mwachikasu, imvi, buluu, wakuda ndi mitundu ina.Zonyansazi zilipo, zimachepetsa kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa kaolin.Mwa iwo, chitsulo ndi titaniyamu mchere zingakhudzenso calcined woyera, kuchititsa mawanga mtundu kapena kusungunula zipsera pa zadothi.

Kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono
Tinthu kukula kugawa amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa particles mu masoka kaolin mkati mwa kupatsidwa mosalekeza osiyanasiyana tinthu kukula kwake (ananena mu millimeters kapena micrometer mauna), anasonyeza kuchuluka okhutira.The tinthu kukula kugawa makhalidwe a kaolin ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa selectivity ndi ndondomeko ntchito ores.Kukula kwake kwa tinthu kumakhudza kwambiri mapulasitiki ake, kukhuthala kwamatope, kusinthasintha kwa ion, kupanga magwiridwe antchito, kuyanika ntchito, komanso kuwombera.Kaolin ore amafuna processing luso, ndipo ngati n'zosavuta pokonza kuti fineness chofunika wakhala mmodzi wa mfundo kuwunika khalidwe la ore.Iliyonse dipatimenti mafakitale ali zofunika enieni tinthu kukula ndi fineness wa kaolin pa zolinga zosiyanasiyana.Ngati United States imafuna kaolin yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira kukhala zosakwana 2 μ Zomwe zili m'ma 90-95%, ndipo mapepala odzaza mapepala ndi osachepera 2 μ M amawerengera 78-80%.

Pindani kumanga
Kumatira kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa kaolin kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zopanda pulasitiki kupanga matope apulasitiki ndikukhala ndi mphamvu yowumitsa.The kutsimikiza kwa kumanga luso kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera muyezo khwatsi mchenga (ndi misa zikuchokera 0.25-0.15 tinthu kukula kagawo kakang'ono kuwerengera 70% ndi 0.15-0.09mm tinthu kukula kachigawo kuwerengera 30%) kuti kaolin.Poyang'ana kutalika kwake pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wake wapamwamba kwambiri pamene akupitirizabe kusunga dongo la pulasitiki ndi mphamvu zake zosinthika pambuyo poumitsa, mchenga wochuluka umawonjezeredwa, mphamvu yomanga ya kaolinyi imakhala yolimba.Nthawi zambiri, kaolin yokhala ndi pulasitiki yolimba imakhalanso ndi luso lomanga.

Kupinda zomatira
Viscosity imatanthawuza mawonekedwe amadzimadzi omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda kwake chifukwa cha kukangana kwamkati.Kukula kwake (kuchita pa 1 unit area of ​​internal friction) akuyimiridwa ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mumagulu a Pa · s.Kutsimikiza kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe nthawi zambiri kuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito makina ozungulira, omwe amayesa liwiro lozungulira mumatope a kaolin okhala ndi 70% zolimba.Pakupanga, mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi ofunika kwambiri.Sizigawo zofunika kwambiri pamakampani a ceramic, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga mapepala.Malingana ndi deta, pogwiritsira ntchito kaolin ngati chophimba m'mayiko akunja, kukhuthala kumafunika kukhala pafupi ndi 0.5Pa · s chifukwa chotsika mofulumira komanso zosakwana 1.5Pa · s kuti zikhale zothamanga kwambiri.

Thixotropy amatanthawuza makhalidwe omwe slurry omwe adakulungidwa mu gel ndipo sakutulukanso amakhala madzimadzi atatha kupsyinjika, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono amakula mu chikhalidwe choyambirira atakhala static.Kukula kwake kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira kukula kwake, ndipo amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito viscometer yotuluka ndi capillary viscometer.

The mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi thixotropy zikugwirizana ndi mchere zikuchokera, tinthu kukula, ndi cation mtundu mu matope.Nthawi zambiri, omwe ali ndi montmorillonite yambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi sodium monga cation yayikulu yosinthira amakhala ndi mamasukidwe apamwamba komanso makulidwe ake.Choncho, m'kati mwake, njira monga kuwonjezera dongo la pulasitiki kwambiri ndi kuwongolera bwino zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithetse kukhuthala kwake ndi thixotropy, pamene njira monga kuonjezera kuchepetsedwa kwa electrolyte ndi madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa.