Kaolin ndi mchere wosakhala wachitsulo, womwe ndi mtundu wa dongo ndi miyala yadongo yomwe imapangidwa makamaka ndi mchere wadongo wa gulu la kaolinite. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake oyera komanso ofewa, amadziwikanso kuti nthaka ya Baiyun. Dzina lake limatengera Gaoling Village ku Jingdezhen, Chigawo cha Jiangxi.

Kaolin yake yoyera ndi yoyera, yofewa, komanso yofewa, yokhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zakuthupi komanso zamakemikolo monga pulasitiki komanso kukana moto. Kapangidwe kake ka mchere kamakhala ndi kaolinite, halloysite, hydromica, illite, montmorillonite, komanso mchere monga quartz ndi feldspar. Kaolin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka popanga mapepala, zinthu zadothi, ndi zinthu zotsutsa, kutsatiridwa ndi zokutira, zodzaza rabara, ma glaze a enamel, ndi zinthu zopangira simenti yoyera. Mu zochepa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pulasitiki, utoto, utoto, mawilo opukutira, mapensulo, zodzoladzola za tsiku ndi tsiku, sopo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mankhwala, nsalu, mafuta, mankhwala, zipangizo zomangira, chitetezo cha dziko ndi mafakitale ena.

Makhalidwe a ndondomeko
Kuwala Koyera Kopindika

Kuyera ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kaolin igwire bwino ntchito, ndipo kaolin yoyera kwambiri ndi yoyera. Kuyera kwa kaolin kumagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuyera kwachilengedwe ndi kuyera kwa calcium. Pazinthu zopangira zadothi, kuyera pambuyo pa calcination ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kuyera kwa calcium kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Njira yadothi imati kuumitsa pa 105 ℃ ndiye muyezo wowunikira kuyera kwachilengedwe, ndipo calcining pa 1300 ℃ ndiye muyezo wowunikira kuyera kwa calcium. Kuyerako kumatha kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mita yoyera. Mita yoyera imayesa kuwala kwa 3800-7000Å Chipangizo choyezera kuwunikira kwa kuwala pa kutalika kwa mafunde a (monga, 1 angstrom = 0.1 nanometers). Mu choyezera kuyera, kuwunikira kwa chitsanzo choyesera kumayerekezeredwa ndi kwa chitsanzo chokhazikika (monga BaSO4, MgO, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyera kukhale kofanana ndi 90% ya kuwunikira kwa chitsanzo chokhazikika).

Kuwala ndi njira yofanana ndi kuyera, yofanana ndi 4570Å Kuyera pansi pa (angstrom) wavelength kuwala kuwala.

Mtundu wa kaolin umagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma oxide achitsulo kapena zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili mkati mwake. Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi Fe2O3, imawoneka ngati duwa lofiira ndi lachikasu la bulauni; Ili ndi Fe2+, imawoneka ngati buluu wopepuka komanso wobiriwira wopepuka; Ili ndi MnO2, imawoneka ngati bulauni wopepuka; Ngati ili ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, imawoneka ngati yachikasu, imvi, buluu, wakuda ndi mitundu ina. Zonyansazi zilipo, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa kaolin. Pakati pawo, mchere wachitsulo ndi titaniyamu ukhozanso kukhudza kuyera kwa calcium, zomwe zimayambitsa mawanga amitundu kapena zipsera zosungunuka pa porcelain.

Kugawa kukula kwa tinthu topindika
Kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mu kaolin yachilengedwe mkati mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono (yomwe imafotokozedwa mu mamilimita kapena ma micrometer mesh), yomwe imafotokozedwa mu kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Makhalidwe a kugawa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kaolin ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira za ores. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kaolin kumakhudza kwambiri pulasitiki yake, kukhuthala kwa matope, mphamvu yosinthira ma ion, magwiridwe antchito, magwiridwe antchito owuma, ndi magwiridwe antchito owotcha. Kaolin imafuna kukonza kwaukadaulo, ndipo ngati ndi yosavuta kuikonza mpaka kusalala kofunikira kwakhala imodzi mwa miyezo yowunikira mtundu wa ore. Dipatimenti iliyonse yamafakitale ili ndi zofunikira zenizeni za kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kusalala kwa kaolin pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati United States ikufuna kuti kaolin yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba ikhale yochepera 2 μ Zomwe zili mu m zimakhala 90-95%, ndipo zinthu zodzaza mapepala ndizochepera 2 μ M zimakhala 78-80%.

Kumanga m'mapini
Kumatirira kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa kaolin kuphatikiza ndi zinthu zopanda pulasitiki kuti apange matope apulasitiki ndikukhala ndi mphamvu youma. Kudziwa mphamvu yomangira kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera mchenga wa quartz wokhazikika (wokhala ndi unyinji wa 0.25-0.15 tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala 70% ndi 0.15-0.09mm tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala 30%) ku kaolin. Kuona kutalika kwake kutengera kuchuluka kwa mchenga womwe uli nawo pamene ungathe kusunga dongo la pulasitiki ndi mphamvu yake yopindika utatha kuumitsa, mchenga wochuluka ukawonjezedwa, mphamvu yomangira ya kaolin iyi imakhala yolimba. Nthawi zambiri, kaolin yokhala ndi pulasitiki yolimba imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yomangira yolimba.

Guluu wopindika
Kukhuthala kumatanthauza khalidwe la madzi omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda kwake chifukwa cha kukangana kwamkati. Kukula kwake (kogwira ntchito pa gawo limodzi la kukangana kwamkati) kumaimiridwa ndi kukhuthala, m'mayunitsi a Pa · s. Kuzindikira kukhuthala nthawi zambiri kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito viscometer yozungulira, yomwe imayesa liwiro lozungulira mu matope a kaolin omwe ali ndi 70% yolimba. Mu njira yopangira, kukhuthala ndikofunika kwambiri. Sikuti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mumakampani opanga zinthu zadothi, komanso limakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga mapepala. Malinga ndi deta, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kaolin ngati chophimba m'maiko akunja, kukhuthala kumafunika kukhala pafupifupi 0.5Pa · s pakuphimba kothamanga pang'ono komanso kochepera 1.5Pa · s pakuphimba kothamanga kwambiri.

Thixotropy imatanthauza makhalidwe omwe slurry yomwe yakhuthala kukhala gel ndipo siimayendanso imakhala madzi pambuyo poti yakakamizidwa, kenako imakhuthala pang'onopang'ono kukhala momwe inalili poyamba itakhala yosasinthasintha. Coefficient ya makulidwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyimira kukula kwake, ndipo imayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito outflow viscometer ndi capillary viscometer.

Kukhuthala ndi thixotropy zimagwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka mchere, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi mtundu wa cation m'matope. Kawirikawiri, omwe ali ndi montmorillonite yambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi sodium monga cation yayikulu yosinthika amakhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso kukhuthala. Chifukwa chake, munjira imeneyi, njira monga kuwonjezera dongo lapulasitiki kwambiri ndikuwongolera kukhuthala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti ziwongolere kukhuthala kwake ndi thixotropy, pomwe njira monga kuwonjezera electrolyte yochepetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zichepetse.