Makampani opanga zophimba padziko lonse lapansi akuwona kusintha kwakukulu kupita ku mitundu yopangidwa ndi madzi, motsogozedwa ndi malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe komanso nkhawa zomwe zikukula zokhudzana ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe. Pakati pa kusinthaku pali kufunafuna utoto wochita bwino kwambiri, ndipo kaboni wakuda waonekera ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri. Komabe, kupanga zophimba zochokera m'madzi zokhala ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri kumabweretsa zovuta zapadera, ndipo apa ndi pomwe kaboni wakuda wotsika umalowa m'malo mwake ngati chosinthira.

Ubwino waukulu wa carbon black wochepa mu zophimba zochokera m'madzi ndi kuthekera kwake kusunga kukhuthala kochepa ngakhale pa katundu wambiri. Carbon black wamba, yokhala ndi malo ake okwera pamwamba ndi magulu a polar surface monga carboxyl ndi hydroxyl, imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mamolekyu amadzi. Kuyanjana kumeneku kumapanga netiweki yomwe ingawonjezere kukhuthala kwa chophimbacho kawiri kapena katatu pa katundu wochepa wa 2-3%. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, carbon black wochepa imasinthidwa pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito ma surfactants osakhala a ionic monga ethoxylated alcohols. Kusintha kumeneku kumachepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa madzi ndi carbon black, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa carbon black pamwamba, ndi zeta potential yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambira pa -20 mpaka -30 mV (yomwe imayesedwa kudzera mu electrophoretic light scattering). Zotsatira zake, kupangika kwa netiweki kumalepheretsedwa, kuonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe ophimbawo ndi osalala komanso ogwirizana.

Chitsanzo chenicheni kuchokera kwa wopanga zophimba ku United States chikuwonetsa mphamvu ya carbon black yotsika kwambiri. Atayesedwa mu utoto wa acrylic wopangidwa ndi madzi pa 2.5%, kukhuthala kwa utotowo kunakhalabe pa 350-400 cP (Brookfield, 60 rpm). Poyerekeza, utoto womwewo ndi wakuda wamba wa carbon unali ndi kukhuthala kwa 800-900 cP. Kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukhuthala kumeneku kunasanduka kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yosalala ndi roller, ndi filimu youma yosawonetsa zizindikiro zooneka za burashi kapena kapangidwe ka peel lalanje.

Kapangidwe ka utoto ndi kofunikira kwambiri pakuphimba, ndipo kaboni wakuda wochepa kwambiri umapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri m'derali. Ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopaka utoto, nthawi zambiri 100-110% poyerekeza ndi kaboni wakuda wamba (woyezedwa kudzera mu ASTM D2805), imatha kukhala yakuda kwambiri pamizere yotsika. Kudzaza kwa 2-2.5% ndikokwanira kufikira L* ya ≤12 (CIE Lab), kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukongoletsa kwa zophimba zomangamanga ndi mafakitale. Kufalikira kochepa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta kaboni wakuda wochepa, nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 20-30 nm, kumatsimikizira mtundu wofanana popanda mawu osafunikira, kupewa utoto wofiirira kapena wabuluu womwe ungachitike ndi magiredi akuda osagwirizana a kaboni. Mayeso ofulumira a weathering (ASTM G154) awonetsa kuti zophimba za acrylic zochokera m'madzi zomwe zili ndi kaboni wakuda wochepa kwambiri zimasunga 80% ya mtundu wawo woyambirira (ΔE ≤2) pambuyo pa maola 2000 atawonekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zophimbazo zigwire bwino kwambiri ndi utoto wakuda wachilengedwe, womwe umasunga 60% yokha ya mtundu wawo. Kukana kwapadera kwa nyengo kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti carbon black yotsika kwambiri ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri chopangira zophimba zakunja zochokera m'madzi, monga utoto wakunja wa makoma ndi zitsulo.

Pakupanga ndi kupereka kaboni wakuda wokhuthala pang'ono, kuwongolera khalidwe ndi chithandizo chaukadaulo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Magiredi apadera okonzedwa bwino pamankhwala osiyanasiyana opaka utoto amapezeka. Magiredi awa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kuphatikiza malo a BET a 200-240 m²/g, DBP imayamwa ya 90-100 cm³/100g, ndi pH yosalowerera ya 6.5-7.5 kuti isakhudze kuuma kwa utoto. Kuwongolera mwamphamvu kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera, zokhala ndi lead ≤0.0005% ndi arsenic ≤0.0003%, kumatsimikizira kuti zikutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi yazachilengedwe monga LEED ndi Eurofins.

Kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kamagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupereka mpweya wakuda wochepa wa kaboni. Matumba osungunuka m'madzi (25 kg/thumba) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kufalikira mosavuta m'madzi, kuchotsa kufunika kotsegula matumba ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha fumbi ndi kuipitsidwa. Pakupanga kwakukulu, zidebe zolemera 500 kg zokhala ndi ma valve otulutsira pansi zimapezeka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito zokha. Ndi netiweki yotumizira padziko lonse lapansi yomwe imaphimba malo akuluakulu opangira zokutira ku Europe, Asia, ndi South America, nthawi yotumizira imayambira masiku 12-25. Gulu logulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa limapereka chithandizo pamalopo.