Pedro Cantalejo, wamkulu wa phanga la Ardales Andalusian, akuyang'ana zojambula za phanga la Neanderthal m'phanga.Chithunzi: (AFP)
Kupeza kumeneku ndi kodabwitsa chifukwa anthu amaganiza kuti a Neanderthal ndi achikale komanso ankhanza, koma kujambula mapanga zaka zoposa 60,000 zapitazo chinali chinthu chodabwitsa kwa iwo.
Asayansi anapeza kuti pamene anthu amakono sanali kukhala ku Ulaya kontinenti, Neanderthal anali kujambula stalagmites ku Ulaya.
Kupeza kumeneku n'kodabwitsa chifukwa Neanderthals amaonedwa kuti ndi osavuta komanso ankhanza, koma kujambula mapanga zaka zoposa 60,000 zapitazo chinali chinthu chodabwitsa kwa iwo.
Zithunzi za mapanga zomwe zimapezeka m'mapanga atatu ku Spain zidapangidwa zaka 43,000 mpaka 65,000 zapitazo, zaka 20,000 anthu amakono asanabwere ku Ulaya.Izi zikutsimikizira kuti luso linapangidwa ndi Neanderthals pafupifupi zaka 65,000 zapitazo.
Komabe, malinga ndi kunena kwa Francesco d’Errico, amene analemba nawo pepala latsopano m’magazini ya PNAS, zimene anapezazi n’zotsutsana, “nkhani ina ya sayansi inati n’kutheka kuti mitundu imeneyi ndi yachilengedwe” ndipo imachokera ku kutuluka kwa iron oxide..
Kusanthula kwatsopano kumasonyeza kuti mapangidwe ndi malo a utoto sizigwirizana ndi zochitika zachilengedwe.M'malo mwake, utoto umagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mankhwala ndi kuwomba.
Chofunika kwambiri, mawonekedwe awo samagwirizana ndi zitsanzo zachilengedwe zomwe zimatengedwa kuphanga, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti pigment imachokera kunja.
Zibwenzi zatsatanetsatane zikuwonetsa kuti mitundu iyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana, motalikirana zaka 10,000.
Malinga ndi kunena kwa d'Errico wa pa yunivesite ya Bordeaux, izi “zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti a Neanderthal abwera kuno kambirimbiri kwa zaka zikwi zambiri kudzalemba penti m’mapanga.”
N'zovuta kuyerekeza "luso" la Neanderthals ndi zithunzithunzi zopangidwa ndi mbiri yakale isanayambe.Mwachitsanzo, zojambula zomwe zimapezeka m'mapanga a Chauvie-Pondac ku France ndi zaka zoposa 30,000.
Koma kutulukira kwatsopano kumeneku kumawonjezera umboni wowonjezereka wakuti mzera wa a Neanderthal unatha pafupifupi zaka 40,000 zapitazo, ndiponso kuti sanali achibale ankhanza a Homo sapiens amene akhala akufotokozedwa kalekale kuti ndi Homo sapiens.
Gululo linalemba kuti utoto umenewu si “luso” m’lingaliro lopapatiza, “koma ndi zotulukapo za zochita zooneka bwino zolimbikitsa tanthauzo lophiphiritsira la malowo.”
Mapangidwe a phanga "adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pazizindikiro za madera ena a Neanderthal", ngakhale tanthauzo la zizindikirozi likadali chinsinsi.