Pedro Cantalejo, mkulu wa phanga la Ardales Andalusian, akuyang'ana zithunzi za phanga la Neanderthal lomwe lili m'phangamo. Chithunzi: (AFP)
Kupeza kumeneku n'kodabwitsa chifukwa anthu amaganiza kuti anthu a ku Neanderthal ndi akale komanso ankhanza, koma kujambula mapanga zaka zoposa 60,000 zapitazo kunali chinthu chodabwitsa kwa iwo.
Asayansi adapeza kuti pamene anthu amakono sanali kukhala ku Ulaya, a Neanderthal ankakoka stalagmites ku Ulaya.
Kupeza kumeneku n’kodabwitsa chifukwa anthu a ku Neanderthal amaonedwa kuti ndi osavuta komanso ankhanza, koma kujambula mapanga zaka zoposa 60,000 zapitazo kunali chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa iwo.
Zithunzi za m'mapanga zomwe zinapezeka m'mapanga atatu ku Spain zinapangidwa pakati pa zaka 43,000 ndi 65,000 zapitazo, zaka 20,000 anthu amakono asanafike ku Ulaya. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti zaluso zinapangidwa ndi anthu a ku Neanderthal pafupifupi zaka 65,000 zapitazo.
Komabe, malinga ndi Francesco d'Errico, wolemba nawo nkhani yatsopano mu magazini ya PNAS, izi ndi zotsutsana, "nkhani yasayansi imati utoto uwu ukhoza kukhala chinthu chachilengedwe" ndipo ndi zotsatira za kuyenda kwa iron oxide.
Kusanthula kwatsopano kukuwonetsa kuti kapangidwe ndi malo a utoto sizikugwirizana ndi njira zachilengedwe. M'malo mwake, utotowo umapakidwa popopera ndi kupopera.
Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, kapangidwe kake sikagwirizana ndi zitsanzo zachilengedwe zomwe zatengedwa m’phanga, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti utotowo umachokera ku gwero lakunja.
Kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane za nthawi ya utoto kumasonyeza kuti utoto uwu unkagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana, zaka zoposa 10,000 zosiyana.
Malinga ndi d'Errico wa ku Yunivesite ya Bordeaux, izi “zikuchirikiza lingaliro lakuti anthu a ku Neanderthal abwera kuno kangapo kwa zaka zikwi zambiri kudzapaka utoto m'mapanga.”
N'zovuta kuyerekeza "luso" la anthu a ku Neanderthal ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi anthu akale akale. Mwachitsanzo, zithunzi zojambulidwa zomwe zimapezeka m'mapanga a Chauvie-Pondac ku France zili ndi zaka zoposa 30,000.
Koma kupeza kumeneku kukuwonjezera umboni wowonjezereka wakuti mzera wa Neanderthal unatha zaka pafupifupi 40,000 zapitazo, ndipo sanali achibale oipa a Homo sapiens omwe akhala akufotokozedwa kwa nthawi yayitali ngati Homo sapiens.
Gululo linalemba kuti utoto uwu si "luso" m'lingaliro lopapatiza, "koma ndi zotsatira za zochita zojambula zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo tanthauzo la malowo."
Kapangidwe ka phanga "kadagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo la zizindikiro za madera ena a Neanderthal", ngakhale kuti tanthauzo la zizindikirozi likadali chinsinsi.