Makhalidwe a pumice ya volcano (basalt) ndi mawonekedwe enieni a zinthu zosefera za thanthwe la volcano.

Mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe: Palibe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokuthwa, palibe kukana kwa madzi, sikophweka kutsekeka, madzi ndi mpweya zimafalikira mofanana, malo ouma, filimu imathamanga mofulumira, komanso siimatha kufalikira mosavuta ikachotsedwa mobwerezabwereza.
Kubowola: Miyala ya mapiri ophulika ndi yachibadwa komanso yokhala ndi mabowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale malo abwino kwambiri okulirapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mphamvu ya makina: Malinga ndi dipatimenti yowunikira khalidwe la dziko lonse, ndi 5.08Mpa, yomwe yatsimikiziridwa kuti imatha kupirira mphamvu zosiyanasiyana za hydraulic shear ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito kuposa zipangizo zina zosefera.
Kuchulukana: Kuchulukana pang'ono, kosavuta kuyimitsa potsuka kumbuyo popanda kutayikira kwa zinthu, zomwe zingasunge mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kukhazikika kwa mankhwala m'chilengedwe: fyuluta yachilengedwe ya miyala ya volcano siigwira ntchito, siigwira ntchito, ndipo siigwira ntchito mu biofilm yomwe imakhudzana ndi chilengedwe.

Magetsi pamwamba ndi kusinthasintha kwa madzi: Pamwamba pa biofilter ya miyala ya volcano pali mphamvu yabwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizikula bwino. Ili ndi kusinthasintha kwa madzi kwambiri, biofilm yambiri yolumikizidwa, komanso liwiro lake lachangu.
Ponena za momwe zimakhudzira ntchito ya biofilm: Monga chonyamulira biofilm, biofilter ya miyala ya volcano ilibe vuto lililonse ndipo ilibe mphamvu yoletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tokhazikika, ndipo machitidwe atsimikizira kuti sizimakhudza ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Makhalidwe a Hydraulics a fyuluta yachilengedwe ya miyala ya volcano.
Chiŵerengero cha zinthu zopanda kanthu: Pakatikati ndi kunja kuli pafupifupi 40%, zomwe sizimalimbana ndi madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, poyerekeza ndi zinthu zofanana zosefera, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosefera ndikofunikira, ndipo cholinga chosefera chomwe chikuyembekezeka chingathenso kukwaniritsidwa.
Malo enieni a pamwamba: Ndi malo akuluakulu enieni a pamwamba, ma porosity ambiri, komanso kusakhala ndi madzi okwanira, zimathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilumikizana ndi kukula, kusunga biomass yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kuthandizira njira yosamutsira mpweya, michere, ndi zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi ya kagayidwe ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kapangidwe ka zinthu zosefera ndi kayendedwe ka madzi: Chifukwa chakuti zinthu zosefera za m'miyala ya volcano ndi tinthu tosalunjika ndipo zimakhala ndi maenje akuluakulu kuposa tinthu ta ceramic, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zotsutsana ndi madzi ndipo zimasunga mphamvu zikagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Makhalidwe ake ndi akuti ili ndi ma pores ambiri, kulemera kwake kochepa, mphamvu zake zambiri, kutchinjiriza, kuyamwa kwa mawu, kupewa moto, kukana asidi ndi alkali, kukana dzimbiri, komanso yopanda kuipitsa mpweya komanso yopanda ma radiation. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chobiriwira zachilengedwe, chosamalira chilengedwe komanso chosunga mphamvu.